教培参考
教育培训行业知识型媒体
发布时间: 2024年12月19日 14:13
在考研英语的备考中，阅读自然成为我们考研人在备考时的重中之重。然而我们在备考中往往容易忽视阅读新题型的练习，更有一些同学觉得新题型的就是听天由命，一招不慎，满盘皆输。其实，英一新题型的解题的技巧性的，当同学们掌握解题技巧之后得到6分甚至更高的分数，其实是很容易的。如此性价比高的题型，大家一定要重视!
在英一试卷中，新题型主要由三种题型组成—填空式阅读，段落排序题以及标题匹配题。今天我们结合2014年试题来着重讲一讲段落排序题。段落推断题要求考生对一篇乱序的六七个段落，依次排序。其中一到两段已经给出明确的段落。这个题目最大的特点就是一步错，可能导致步步错。大家在备考的时候可能会存在为难情绪，值得一提的是，有的考生可能祈祷不要考这个题。其实，这种看似很难的题，是有很强的技巧性的，如果大家掌握了我们的解题技巧，题目难度其实不是很大，主要考察了我们考生的段落衔接意识和理解能力。面对这一道题时，我们可以运用如下技巧来进行解题：
1. 拿到题目，浏览六/七个选项，标注选项中(尤其是首句和末句)鲜明的衔接标志词(例如指代，数字，逻辑关系词，时间顺序等);
2. 如果首段没有给出，则需要先确定首段;如果首段已经给出，则按照顺序注意解题，注意关注选项首句和末句的衔接关系。
3. 可以打破常规，如判断某两段文字必然衔接，结合题目顺序，进行反推。
4. 通读文章，检查一致性和连贯性。
下面，我们就以2014年英语一的段落推断题为例，进行详细的讲解和说明：
Part B Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example,the Parthenon in Athens,Greece,the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching,while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge,an early hominid site in Tanzania,was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.
[B]In another case,American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600,this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas,but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.
[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically,they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.
[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case,many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan,Honduras,have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850,when Copan collapsed.
[E] To find their sites,archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies,such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft,allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features,such as ancient buildings or fields.
[F] Most archaeological sites,however,are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens,Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knossós) on the island of Crete,in 1900.
[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking,looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar,magnetic-field recording,and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations,illustrating how sites look,and presenting the results of archaeological research.
41. → A →42. → E →43. → 44. →45.
第一步，浏览六/七个选项，标注选项中(尤其是首句和末句)鲜明的衔接标志词(例如指代，数字，逻辑关系词，时间顺序等)：
A首：some archaeological sites 末：无
B首：in anothe case末：无
C首： 无 末：无
D首：iin one case 末：无
E首：their sites 末：无
F首：most archarological sites,however,are ... 末：无
G首：无 末：无
通过观察选项可以发现，D首出现in one case，B首：in anothe case，所以DB相连。
除此之外，A首some archaeological sites，F首most archarological sites,however,are ... 存在对比关系，因此AF相连。又因为A项已经给出，在42空之前，所以 42空填入F。
41 → A → 42.F → E →43. → 44. →45.
第二步，如果首段没有给出，则需要先确定首段;如果首段已经给出，则按照顺序注意解题，注意关注选项首句和末句的衔接关系。
A 42空 已经解出 - 不可以做首段
B首：in anothe case末：无 -段首指代，不可以做首段
C首： 无 末：无 可以做首段
D首：in one case 末：无 -DB相连，已知项A前只有一个空，不可以做首段
E首：their sites 末：无 -段首指代，不可以做首段
F首：most archarological sites,however,are ... 末：无 -段首出现转折词however，不可以做首段
G首：无 末：无 -可以做段首，
根据文章后的题目顺序，只有C,G可以做首句，可以将C末和A首相比，再将G末和A首对比，可以发现：C和A存在首尾呼应的短语：archaeological sites，因此，C做为首段更恰当，因此，41. C
[C]末Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.
[G]末Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations,illustrating how sites look,and presenting the results of archaeological research.
[A]首 Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable
41 C→ A →42. F → E →43. → 44. →45.
结合选项空位，整合一下思路：因为DB相连，其只有可能在 43.44或者44. 45.两个位置，那么我们只需要衡量 E后接 G 还是接DB，将选项依次带入:
假设E末与G首相连：
E末 Aerial surveys (空中的调查) locate general areas of interest or larger buried features,such as ancient buildings or fields.
G首：Ground surveys (地上的调查)allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful.
FG存在地点上的先后顺序，可行。
再看一下EDBG的可能性：
假设 E末与D首相连：
E末 Aerial surveys (空中的调查) locate general areas of interest or larger buried features,such as ancient buildings or fields.
D首 Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes.
比较两个选项可以得知，FG链接更自然，因此后四个空应该是 EGDB，所以答案最终为 43 G 44 D 45 B，将答案填到方框中：
41 C→ A →42. F → E →43.G→ 44. D→45.B
下面总结一下这套题的解题方法，首先在拿到题目后，浏览六/七个选项，标注选项首句和末句鲜明的衔接标志。结合首段已经给出，按照顺序注意解题，注意关注选项首句和末句的衔接关系，结合选项可以判断文章中两段文字必然衔接，再结合题目顺序，进行反推。最后，通读文章，检查一致性和连贯性。2014年这套题目难度在往年中属于难度适中的题目，难点在于找到衔接关系以及首段的判别，对此大家一定要耐得住性子，细心寻找段落首末衔接处(如原词或者指代还原)。不过在大家讲我们的解题技巧内化之后，就可以化难为简。
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