2024考研英语完型基础练习技巧：总分结构对照分析法

由于总分之间的基本关系是互相支持，互相印证的对照关系，而且总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开。当一些未知填空出现在总述句时，解出这些填空的相关联已知线索往往可以在与其对应的分述部分找到。

例如：2000年完型试题的47题——应用于形容词的例子

If no surplus is available,a farmer cannot be 47. He must either sell some of his property or (48 seek)extra funds in form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low (49 rate)of interest,but loans of this kind are not 50 obtainable.

[A]self-confident[B]self-sufficient[C]self-satisfied[D]self-restrained

答案：[B]self-sufficient

分析：本题处在一个总述句中：If no surplus is available,a farmer cannot be 47。在此句话之前，文章都是在讲If surplus is available(有赢余的情况下)，农民的生活如何;实际上，从文章结构来看，从本题开始出现了另一个意群，而If no surplus is available,a farmer cannot be 47为这个意群的总述句，即如果没有赢余，农民会怎样?所以，仅仅看本题所在的句子所包含的已知信息是不够的，还要看其他地方的相关已知信息，这个关键的相关已知信息就在分述部分;因为总述部分是对分述部分的高度概括，只要总结出分述部分，本题答案就迎刃而解。

总结一下分述部分很容易判断出47题的答案一定是[B]self-sufficient,因为总述句中的not be self-sufficient恰恰是对分述的最佳概括。

例如：1999年完型试题的45题——应用于动词的例子

Successful safety programs may 45 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by (46 observing)rules or regulations. (47 Still) others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But,there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.

[A]alter[B]differ[C]shift[D]distinguish

答案：[B]differ分析：45题所考查的动词处于本段的总述句中，既然分述所做的是秉承总述的旨意，我们通过分析分述的内容就可以倒推出总述的意思。

通过分述可以总结出3种都是成功的安全项目(主语)做的动作都是将重点放置于(谓语)，但所放置的点不同(宾语)。由此分述总结出总述句的主语Successful safety programs所要做的动作(46题)就是differ。

例如：2002年完型试题的21题——甚至可以应用于介词

Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened(21). As was discussed before,it was not ( 22 ) the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic ( 23 ) ,following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the ( 24 ) of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution ( 25 ) up,beginning with transport,the railway,and leading ( 26 ) through the telegraph,the telephone,radio,and motion pictures ( 27 ) the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in ( 28 ) . It is important to do so.

21.[A]between[B]before[C]since[D]later

答案：between分析：解除本题所考查的介词处于文章的总述部分——作者要在两个时间阶段之间做比较。然后说：但是很多事情发生了。再去总结分述部分——文章首段讲19世纪出现了许多信息产品，正好支持总述的much had happened，19世纪处于两个时间段之间，答案一定是between。

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