雅思阅读同义转换的7种方式

我们继续来看26题，26题出现了what is known as，这是一个特殊信号词，它的意思是被称之为什么，那"被称之为什么"后面肯定要接的是一个名字或者是一个术语，那术语的话一般要么会出现全部大写或者是带有特殊符号，比如说引号之类的，所以它在文中肯定长得都是比较显眼的，在我们看到这个的时候，我们待会就要特别去关注一下有没有出现全部大写的或者是带有特殊符号的一些词，以及后面再画一个impressive grades，就是高分，非常好的一个分数。

我们现在顺着25题往下面找一下，有没有出现一些长得比较显眼的专有名词。那我们找下来会发现在D段出现了一些带有引号的词，那我们在它的附近再看一下有没有出现一些“什么非常高的分数”类似于这样的表达，我们会在“spoon-feeding”这个词的后面看到一个extremely high examination results，非常高的考试分数，那这个其实就是对应的我们刚才的那个impressive grades，所以这道题的答案我们最终就可以填这个spoon-feeding。

雅思不同于其他标准考试，它仅考查语言，也就是说出题者不会让你根据所提供的信息去做出推论；相反，文章已提供信息只是让答题者去寻找刚刚给过的信息。然而出题者并不会以一一对应的方式让答题者很容易找到答案，为增加考题难度，出题者会利用同义替换让答题者有一种“不识庐山真面目”的挫败感。

几乎雅思阅读所有的题型都涉及同义替换，那么同义转换会以什么方式出现呢？

1.题干中的形容词，名词和动词往往是原文词汇的同义词或近义词。

原文：Between 1940 and 1959, overfishing led to crashes in salmon population so severe that in 1953 Alaska was declared a federal disaster area.

题干：Between 1940 and 1959, there was a sharp decrease in Alaska's salmon population. 原文中的crashes与题干中的sharp decrease属于近义词之间的替换。威海学为贵雅思托福培训

2.数字替换：题目中阿拉伯数字而文中以英文出现，或题干中只有大概的数字，而文中有具体数字。如：

题干：The survey concluded that one-fifth or 20% of the household transport requirement as outside local area.

原文：Interest facts regarding transport were found: 95% was on foot; 80% was within the locality.

3.前后顺序调换：题干中答案出现在标志词的右方，原文中对应答案却出现在标志词的左方。如：

题干：Radar and sonar are based on similar ______

原文：But the underlying mathematical theories of radar and sonar are very similar.

4.句子间的替换：原文的主动形式在题干中改写成被动形式或被动变主动，或者原文句子是前果后因，题干变成前因后果。如：

题干：Radar is an inaccurate term when referring to bats because ____ are not used in their navigation system.

原文：It is technically incorrect to talk about bat 'radar', since they don't use radio waves.

5.否定形式的替换：原文中的否定形式替换成其他形式从而变得不易定位。

题干：In the follow-up class, the teaching activities are similar to those used in conventional classes.

原文：Such methods are not unusual in language teaching.

6.具体与抽象概念间的替换：将原文中的具体表达形式进行总结，以概念表达形式在题干中出现（反之同理）。如：

题干：In the following-up class, the teaching activities _______ those used in conventional classes.

原文：Some hours after the two-part session, there is a follow-up class at which the students are simulated to recall the material presented. once again the approach is indirect. The students do not focus their attention on trying to remember the vocabulary, but focus on using the language to communicate (e.g. through games or improvised dramatizations). Such methods are not unusual in language teaching.威海学为贵雅思托福培训

7.人称代词和指示代词间的替换：将答案藏到标志词集中出现的句子之前或之后，同时使用人称代词留下提示。如：

题干：Dr. Johnson believed that ____ is the major cause of this particular disease.

原文：Dr. Johnson is one of the leading scientists in this area. He believed that the disease could be cured. Certain experiments had been carried out through the last century however no evident result had been found. Still, he linked mainly food with this particular disease.

同义替换要求答题者具备一定的词汇量，并通过日常大量的练习提高自己对同义替换的敏感度，避免在考试过程中被“迷象”迷了双眼，定位不到答案。总之，同义替换无外乎是对同一事物采用了不同的包装形式，答题者只要透过现象抓住本质便可游刃有余。

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