发布时间: 2024年11月22日 22:51
托福侧重学术英语,对没接触原文书籍的学员是较大难题。托福学术材料多半出自美国大学各学科基础教材。托福学生群体基本为大三的学生(打算前往美国读研究生的人),故而需要学生对学术英语的熟悉是意料内的。并且也有大多打算就读美国本科的学生也需要通过托福考试,这类学生,多提升下美国本科一年级学术材料是很有用的。相比而言雅思针对性一般。它既有学术类,又涵盖移民类考试。题目涉及较宽泛,不少题目出自社会报纸和杂志等刊物。相对托福学术性阅读材料而言,内容显得比较易读,可是内容却非常长。
除了词汇量较大以外,句子结构复杂也是托福阅读的障碍之一。面对难句,必须迅速把握其主干和重点,下面为大家总结托福中的难句类型。
1.定语(包含后置定语与定语从句)
2.同位语
3.并列结构
4.that引导的各种从句
5.插入结构
6.独立主格
7.倒装句
8.强调句
9.虚拟语气
对于不同类型的难句,把握主干的方法也不一样。以倒装句为例,主要有下列情况:
1.方位副词放在句首
Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine。
2.介词放在句首
Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets。
3.形容词放在句首
Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well: that the medium has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness with which sculptors must bring own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony。
4.过去分词放在句首
Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”,the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent。
5.现在分词放在句首
Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans。
句子倒装的目的主要有两个:
一是被提前的部分被强调,如上述的第四句:Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”,其中的accustomed按照正常语序应该放在are之后:Though we are accustomed to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”。之所以将accustomed提前,是为了强调它。二是为了句子的平衡,否则将导致头重脚轻的效果,如上述的第一句、第三句和第五句。以第五句为例,按照正常语序应该是:Fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans were missing until recently。但是这种句子结构比较糟糕,因为主语及其修饰语过长(从句首直到cetaceans),而谓语部分were missing until recently较短,容易造成头重脚轻的效果。第五句将missing提前,避免了这一现象。
以上就是托福中的难句类型,大家要想提高自己的托福阅读速度,托福难句是一定要攻克的。参加托福阅读班更多阅读技能等你解锁。