建筑设计一直是艺术类专业领域里面最热门的专业之一。究其原因,一方面是国内城市发展投资力度不断加大,城市建设发展是必然的趋势和方向;另一方面也因为人们对建筑业的认知逐渐加深,意识到建筑行业前景广阔。凭借强大的未来职场竞争力和过硬的职业技能,建筑专业吸引了许多对建筑艺术感兴趣的学生申请。美国的许多综合大学建筑专业都享誉海外,依托于世界先进的专业水平,完整的人才培养模式,以及创新的设计理念,培养了许多成了知名建筑大师。
这篇文章针对美国建筑专业进行项目介绍、课程安排、SAT/ACT要求、作品集要求这四个方面的解析,提供给想要进一步了解建筑专业相关信息的同学。
建筑设计专业简介
建筑设计是指建筑物在建造之前,设计者按照建设任务,把施工过程和使用过程中所存在的或可能发生的问题,事先作好通盘的设想,拟定好解决这些问题的办法、方案,用图纸和文件表达出来。建筑设计强调人的空间感受,并使建成的建筑物充分满足使用者和社会所期望的各种要求。
院校类型
建筑学院校的类型基本分为三种:
综合类院校、专业类院校和艺术类院校。
综合类院校包含公立和私立,如哈佛、普林斯顿大学,一般有较大的校区、活跃的校园气氛和较多的跨学科交流,建筑专业也较偏实践。
艺术类院校比如罗德岛设计学院,学生都是艺术类学生,艺术气息比较浓,相当于国内美院的建筑系,学校基本都是私立,学费也相对较高。
专业类院校比如南加州建筑学院,那么这个学校只有建筑相关的专业,学术气氛会比较专一些。
美国建筑学专业核心课程设置
建筑史、素描、色彩、建筑设计、建筑材料、建筑力学、理论力学、材料力学、建筑构造、公共建筑设计原理、3D MAX、CAD、土木工程施工、建筑工程经济、建筑设备、园林设计原理、建筑防火设计、建筑节能、城市规划原理、城市空间设计、居住区规划与住宅设计。
建筑专业院校推荐及作品集要求
康奈尔大学
Cornell University
美国常春藤;美国建筑本科排名第1;美国建筑研究生排名第5;美国大学综合排名18。
Cornell建筑与规划学院在美国影响很大,是公认的本科第一牛校。Cornel系不大,本科一届几十人。两栋楼,有个图书馆。整个康校艺术的共用博物馆是贝聿铭大作。学校除了Ithaca校区,还有纽约和罗马两个校区。风格上,Cornell基本属于理论指导设计的类型,理论课在学习中占有着很重要的位置。Cornell现在并没有一个明确的单一的风格,不同的老师有着不同侧重和设计理念。
1.项目介绍:B.Arch秋季入学
http://aap.cornell.edu/academics/architecture/undergraduate
College of Architecture, Art and Planning
2.课程安排:
http://aap.cornell.edu/academics/architecture/undergraduate/barch-curriculum
3.学生作品集参考:
http://aap.cornell.edu/academics/student-work?discipline=279°ree=0
4.要求考SAT/ACT
作品集要求:
Samples of free hand drawing are required. In addition to drawings, please include a variety of work from media such as painting, sculpture, graphics, art photography, woodworking, ceramics, or any other visual media that demonstrate interest, experience, and aptitude in creative and graphic areas.
莱斯大学
Rice University
有南方哈佛大学之称;美国建筑本科排名第3;美国建筑研究生排名第7;美国大学综合排名第16。
莱斯大学是小而精的教学模式,全校学生加一起也就六千多人。录取难度跟哈佛MIT耶鲁一样大。建筑项目声誉很高,对研究生读藤校帮助很大。
1.项目介绍:B.Arch. 秋季入学被NAAB认证
http://arch.rice.edu/Undergraduate-Overview.aspx
本科项目每年招收24人左右。
2.课程介绍:
http://arch.rice.edu/Academics/Academic-Programs/Undergraduate-Courses/
3.要求SAT/ACT
作品集要求:
The portfolio should demonstrate creative potential and is not expected to be architectural in focus nor professional in quality. It may include examples of sketches, paintings, photography, models, etc. Examples of mechanical or computer drafting are strongly discouraged. The School of Architecture does not accept CDs or DVDs.
1. Why are you determined to study architecture? Could you please elaborate on your past experiences and how they have motivated you to apply to Rice University and the School of Architecture in particular? 250 words.
2. Please expand on relevant experiences and motivations outside of your academic trajectory that have inspired you to study architecture, focusing on aspects that are not accommodated by other prompts in the application. 250 words.
南加利福尼亚大学
University of Southern California
美国建筑本科排名第10;美国大学综合排名第24。借身处洛杉矶这个super city的优势,偏参数化,studio在ecological system方面侧重点比较多。也有一些偏向digital和physical modeling的探讨和研究。
大多数的faculty都来自practical field,洛杉矶有很多很赞的设计公司,他们的principal很多都在USC教学,比如SWA,AECOM,OLIN,Mia Lehrer等等。他们有resources,有connections,所以对于找工作会是很大的帮助,也会有较好的实习机会。
1.项目介绍:B.Arch.秋季入学被NAAB认证
http://arch.usc.edu/programs/bachelor-architecture
2.课程设置:
http://arch.usc.edu/programs/bachelor-architecture
3.要求SAT/ACT
作品集要求:
Work selected for inclusion should demonstrate the breadth and persity of your creative interests and need not be limited to architectural work (if included at all). Drawing, sketching, painting, graphic design, photography, video, web-design, sculpture, ceramics and furniture design are just some examples of the types of work that may be included. Work may be produced digitally and/or by hand, for school courses, extracurricular activities or independently. Include examples of hand or CAD drafting only if they demonstrate clear design intent rather than just technical skill. Your portfolio should constitute a carefully edited selection of your strongest work showcasing your creative interests, abilities, and motivation. A concise description of each project (title, size, media, etc.) should accompany each example. If the work was part of a group effort, please indicate your specific contribution.
卡内基梅隆大学
Carnegie Mellon University
美国大学综合排名第26;建筑专业世界排名第47,所在城市为全美治安最好的城市之一。计算机学院大楼是出名的漂亮建筑之一。96%的老师都有博士学位。本科录取难度相当大。
1.项目介绍:B.Arch.
http://soa.cmu.edu/undergraduate/
College of Fine Arts
2.课程设置:
http://soa.cmu.edu/curriculum
3.以往学生作品集参考:
http://soa.cmu.edu/students/
4.要求SAT/ACT
作品集要求:
In your portfolio, we seek evidence of your curiosity, critical thinking, innovation, problem solving, spatial reasoning/visual thinking, ability to synthesize, and desire to make and build things. The quality of the portfolio’s overall composition is as important as the quality of any inpidual piece. You should carefully curate and arrange your portfolio to tell a compelling story about yourself, your abilities and passions, and your commitment and motivation to study architecture.
圣路易斯华盛顿大学
Washington University in St. Louis
美国综合类大学排名第16位;美国本科建筑专业第4位;美国研究生建筑专业第23位。Washington University in St. Louis,简称Wash U、WU。以美国国父乔治.华盛顿命名,始建于1853年2月22日,位于美国密苏里州圣路易斯市,是美国历史上建校最早也是最负盛名的“华盛顿大学”。圣路易斯华盛顿大学的建筑学院成立于1910年,是十大建筑学院协会创会成员中具有独特性的一个成员。
1.项目介绍:B.Arch. https://search.admissions.wustl.edu/s/search.html?query=architecture&collection=wustl-search&profile=admissions
2.课程介绍:
https://insidesamfox.wustl.edu/students/advising/degree-requirements/
3.要求SAT/ACT
作品集要求
Applicants who have not studied architecture previously should submit at least 10-12 examples of work in the visual arts and—if available—in the constructive arts (for example, photographs and drawings from small, three-dimensional built projects such as furniture, kiosks, or decks). The overall intention is to show work that demonstrates potential for accomplishment in further creative study.