发布时间: 2024年11月22日 15:19
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，熟悉托福写作 范文，下面我给大家带来托福写作话题解析及范文：关于20年后，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。
托福写作范文:20年后人们将使用比现在更少的车
首先，综合写作改套路了，听力不再去反驳阅读了，而是去回答阅读中的问题。而独立写作的题目里竟然出现了一行小字： Be sure to use your own words. Do not use memorized example. 哦买尴!这简直就是继 乒乓球 由小改大后专为沦陷亚洲人而设计的规则变更嘛!帝国主义亡我之心不死啊!
宝宝们别慌。今天，我们就来给各位献上高分 作文 剖析。
(阅读提示：请大家先整体读一遍TPO35的题目及范文，后面会有我的分段解析)
TPO 35
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
In twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there are today.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
大神 文章 ：
The Earth today faces many problems. Among these problems, the top three, in some people's perspective, are probably global warming, pollution and energy crisis. All three, if we really look into them, can be connected with the pervasive use of private cars. It is because of this, I agree with the statement that there will be fewer cars in twenty years comparing with today.
First of all, people will definitely use fewer cars. If we look at the global media, we are seeing an increasing consciousness on environmental problems. Be it the famous documentay by Al Gore, An Inconvenient Truth, or the "Earth One Hour" movement. They all indicate a global consensus: "We need to help the environment". So what's the easiest way to help? Using fewer cars. According to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Environmental Conservation in China, more than 40 percent of carbon dioxide produced by individuals are from private cars. If the trend of eco-friendly consciousness continues to grow in the next 20 years, people will, without a doubt, use fewer and fewer cars. So, in a nutshell, the first reason why people will drive less in twenty years is because they will be more environmentally-concerned.
Another key aspect is that, in twenty years, there will be fewer people in the world. If there are fewer people in the world, of course there will be fewer cars. If we are sensitive to global trends, we can see that a lot of countries in the world are facing a decrease in population. The biggest contributors to population growth, China and India, are also experiencing a decrease in the rate of population increase. In 20 years, I am confident that there will be, without a doubt, fewer people in the world. In this case, there will be a decrease in the needs of transportation. So, it is logical to assume that there will be fewer cars in the world twenty years from now.
A final argument I want to make is based on the ever developing technology. In the past twenty years, we have seen tremendous innovations taken place in the field of transportation. From high-speed trains to cars that run on electric, there is simply no telling what might happen twenty years from now. Considering how much we have achieved in the past twenty years, it is not so improbable for me to say that we might not even need cars in the near future. Who's to say that we won't be traveling on more efficient vehicles? Or maybe public transportation may become so convenient that we won't even consider using private transportation ever again? The fact is, we cannot deny these possibilities for they are very likely to happen. In this light, I am definitely supportive of the view that there will be fewer cars in the future.
From my arguments above, I think I am very optimistic about the future. I believe that, in twenty years, we will be living in a society with much fewer cars. And I am looking forward to that future.
首先我们来破题。
这是传统的独立写作题型，由三句话组成：第一句 “Do you agree or disagree with the following statement”是考生要完成的task，第二句 “In twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there are today”是写作话题topic，第三句 “Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer” 是题目给你的requirement。所有考生都知道一篇作文必须“扣题”，在托福作文里就是去扣这三句话。这样一说，你是不是立马理解了5分标准里的前两条了?
第一条“Effectively addresses the topic and task”，就是指扣题目里的前两句话。第二条“Is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications and/or details” 就是扣题目里的第三句话。读到这里，请各位宝宝们 反思 一句：扣题，你真的做到了吗?
因此，我们在写这道题时，就一定要紧紧扣住“20年后人们将使用比现在更少的车”这个话题，并呈现这样的分段：开头段一定要提出自己是否同意这个观点，正文段用reasons和examples去论证自己的观点，再用结尾段收束整篇文章，搞定。
再看看姚神的，啊呀，与我的分段方式不谋而合呢!开头段立论，3个正文段发展，结尾段收束——完美!有没有发现很好地符合了5分标准第二条里面的“is well organized”?童鞋们现在还敢不敢乱分段了?哼(傲娇脸)。哈哈，接下来再细看每一段吧~
文章分析
01
The Earth today faces many problems. Among these problems, the top three, in some people's perspective, are probably global warming, pollution and energy crisis. All three, if we really look into them, can be connected with the pervasive use of private cars. It is because of this, I agree with the statement that there will be fewer cars in twenty years comparing with today.
开头段最核心的功能是“立论”，也即回答题目的第一句话，表明自己的观点是同意还是不同意。姚神开头段的最后一句就是个明确的立论：同意题目观点。当然姚神在立论前还做了lead-in，作用是告诉大家写这篇文章的背景，引起读者兴趣。不过请注意，各位同学可别硬拽高端写法。如果你的打字速度呵呵哒，那么为师强烈建议第一段直接立论;否则正文段没时间好好写，那可就得不偿失啦。
02
First of all, people will definitely use fewer cars. If we look at the global media, we are seeing an increasing consciousness on environmental problems. Be it the famous documentay by Al Gore, An Inconvenient Truth, or the "Earth One Hour" movement. They all indicate a global consensus: "We need to help the environment". So what's the easiest way to help? Using fewer cars. According to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Environmental Conservation in China, more than 40 percent of carbon dioxide produced by individuals are from private cars. If the trend of eco-friendly consciousness continues to grow in the next 20 years, people will, without a doubt, use fewer and fewer cars. So, in a nutshell, the first reason why people will drive less in twenty years is because they will be more environmentally-concerned.
正文段的作用是啥?论证你的观点。换句话说，论证你的第一段立论。你第一段立的啥论，后面就要一门心思去证明它。如果正文段与第一段没有完美印证，而是走歪了，那就违反了5分标准里第三条的第一个词 “unity”(统一、一致)。此外，用啥论证?题目要求里不说了么，reasons and examples. 看看姚神这段，以段落中部的according to a survey为分界点，前面是reason，后面是example，是不是正中5分标准的下怀呢?曾经有同学问我：“老师，一定要写example吗?我觉得老写my cousin Tom好low啊……”答案请见姚神作文，example不一定非要写cousin Tom或者隔壁老王嘛，你也可以写一个survey啊。当然，前提是，你真真切切地了解一个真实的survey，你可别到考场上自己胡编乱造啊。胡编乱造的最大特别就是细节缺失，而考场临时凑出来的survey绝对会细节缺失，一看就是假的，想给你分都难啊!
最后，嘿嘿，不得不请大家注意一下，有木有发现姚神第3句的documentary打错了，少了个字母 “r”?哈哈，其实呢，这种不影响读者理解的小笔误，就是5分标准里第四条的minor lexical errors(微小的单词错误)，是不会影响你拿满分哒!
03
Another key aspect is that, in twenty years, there will be fewer people in the world. If there are fewer people in the world, of course there will be fewer cars. If we are sensitive to global trends, we can see that a lot of countries in the world are facing a decrease in population. The biggest contributors to population growth, China and India, are also experiencing a decrease in the rate of population increase. In 20 years, I am confident that there will be, without a doubt, fewer people in the world. In this case, there will be a decrease in the needs of transportation. So, it is logical to assume that there will be fewer cars in the world twenty years from now.
再看姚神的第二个正文段。大家细看一下我挑出来的这些词：another key aspect, if, in 20 years, in this case, so. 有没有发现有啥共同点?没错，它们都有连接作用，凸显前后文逻辑。很多同学在表达观点时，不擅长使用连接词，导致观点之间逻辑不紧密，让人感觉不到在一步步论证自己的观点。这就与5分标准第三条里的两个词 “progression(进展)”和 “coherence(连贯)”相悖。当然，如果你写了一堆连接词，但其实句意根本不是那层逻辑，那也是完全没用的。比如：“我喜欢吃苹果，所以我妈种了很多桔子。”这个 句子 里确实有连接词“所以”，然而这逻辑——这位同学是在逗我吗?你好歹也要加个背景“我是捡来的”吧!
04
A final argument I want to make is based on the ever developing technology. In the past twenty years, we have seen tremendous innovations taken place in the field of transportation. From high-speed trains to cars that run on electric, there is simply no telling what might happen twenty years from now. Considering how much we have achieved in the past twenty years, it is not so improbable for me to say that we might not even need cars in the near future. Who's to say that we won't be traveling on more efficient vehicles? Or maybe public transportation may become so convenient that we won't even consider using private transportation ever again? The fact is, we cannot deny these possibilities for they are very likely to happen. In this light, I am definitely supportive of the view that there will be fewer cars in the future.
第三个正文段——说到这会有同学打断我：“老师，我能不能只写两个正文段?”可以呀，大家看姚神这篇作文511个字，是大家在考场上能望其项背的么?能打400字就是考神附体了好么!所以，只写两个正文段，只要扣题了，发展清楚了，没有问题哒~~另外说下姚神这段的语言，用了两个rhetorical questions修辞性疑问句，在汉语里我们称之为“反问句”或“设问句”。这非常好地满足了5分标准里第四条的syntactic variety句法多样性。说到这里，有没有发现姚神这篇作文真的是360度全景符合5分标准呢!
05
From my arguments above, I think I am very optimistic about the future. I believe that, in twenty years, we will be living in a society with much fewer cars. And I am looking forward to that future.
再看最后一段，最后一段其实在托福写作中的作用不大，收束全文再次点题即可。姚神的这段结尾除了中规中矩地收束以外，还加了句对未来的展望 “I am looking forward to that future”。但是还是提醒大家别在展望上写太多哈，为师担心你把展望写成了一个新观点，但却没有展开它，那可就违背了well developed这一点啦。还是那句老话，高端写法别硬拽，乖乖把时间留下来去发展正文段吧~
托福写作题目分析：20年后人们将有更多休闲时间
今天需要练习的写作题目:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In twenty years, people will have more leisure time.
--2007.6.9
先针对如上写作题目写句子
在我看来，人们将来肯定会拥有更多的休闲时间。因为科技发展速度惊人，以至于处理很多工作时都会更加地高效、省时、便捷。
翻译：
答案： In my point of view, people will definitely have more leisure time in the future, because technology has been developing at so fast a rate that it will be more efficient and, hence, time-saving for people to deal with most of their work.
汉英翻译练习对应的段落：
模拟主干段
(1)在我看来，人们将来肯定会拥有更多的休闲时间。
(2)因为科技发展速度惊人，以至于处理很多工作时都会更加地高效、省时、便捷。
(3)二十年前的人们不敢想象每个人的办公桌上都有一台强大的电脑---需要用手填写的一天的表格，现在用计算机往往只需要一小时就能完成;尽管我并不知道，二十年后我们将用什么样的高科技工具来提高工作效率，但进一步提高闲暇时间是肯定的。
(4)如果你回顾中国公共假日的历史，从每周休息一天，到一天半，最后演化到现在的双休日---你就会赞同社会进步对人们闲暇时间的增加的确很有促进。
托福写作语料库：20年后学生们是否不再使用纸媒书籍
【观点类】
In twenty years from now, students will not use printed books any more. 20年以后，学生们将不再使用纸媒书籍，是否认同? (2009年3月29 日)
【题目解析】20年以后，学生们不再使用纸媒书籍 = 电子书籍可以完全取得纸媒阅读，是否同意?
【作家立场】电子书籍有其优势，但是，纸媒书籍依然不会被代替，尤其是对于学生而言。
【写作思路】让步反驳：三分让步;七分反驳
【新东方网薛鹏思路拓展】
纸媒书籍存在的理由和不可替代性：
1. 无论电子阅读多么便利和有趣，很多学生改变不了用纸媒书籍学习的习惯。例如，我的同龄人，他们不习惯也不喜欢电子书，尤其是以电子书作为教科书，因为电子阅读极其不便，无法随时地做标记和笔记。
2. 对比其他的电子读物，传统的纸媒有其优势。具体而言，很多电子小说可随意发表，质量难保证，但是，纸媒书籍，比较而言，内容优质。例如，作为文学 爱好 者，我喜欢阅读文学作品，网络小说很少吸引我，因为其内容比较庸俗，文笔很差，极少带来阅读快感。相反，我自己喜欢阅读一本名为《作家》的杂志，我不读网络杂志，因为拿到一本新书的感觉很踏实，淡淡的墨香激发我立刻阅读的兴趣。
手机阅读或网络阅读的利好：(让步段)
我承认，电子阅读也有其流行的理由，例如：储存量大，携带便利，价格低廉，资源丰富，比较环保。但是，我想反驳的是：电子阅读也有其弊端。比如，长期接触电子辐射有害视力，另外，电子书库信息量很大，有时候，我们反而无从选择自己的喜欢的书籍。
【尾段 总结 】电子阅读仅仅是传统阅读的一种有效的补充，而非替代品。
【新东方网薛鹏原创语料库】
【基础写作语料库】
1. printed books n印刷书籍
2. e-reading n电子阅读
3. deeply rooted reading habit n 根深蒂固的阅读习惯
4. can never replace traditional way of reading v永远无法代替传统的阅读方式
5. A and B are not mutually exclusive …… 和 …… 不是互相排斥的
【新东方网薛鹏原创语料库】
1. The past century has witnessed tremendous technological progress and these changes re-shaped some people’s reading choices. 一百年来，科技在进步，这种进步也改变了很多人的阅读选择。
解析：tremendous = great 巨大的
2. People still read, however，some people might have different preferences such as on-line reading or appreciating their favorite books via the cell phone 人们依然在阅读，但是，人们的喜好也许在变化，例如很多人喜欢网络阅读和手机阅读。
解析：via prep通过
3. Some people argue that if the popularity of e-reading keeps expanding at current rate, our reading will be dominated by on-line or cell phone reading two decades later 有人认为如果电子阅读以这样的速度上升，20年后，手机阅读和网络阅读最终将会占据主导地位。
4. It is true that the number of reading printed books is，to some extent，declining, but, this trend does not necessarily indicate conventional way of reading will give way to e-reading. 的确，那些阅读印刷书籍的人数在一定程度上减少，但是，这不一定意味着电子阅读会取代传统阅读。
5. The quality of many e-books cannot be ensured because almost every individual can publish articles on line，conversely，reading printed books with excellent contents can stir readers’ imagination, tap their creativity and deepen their insights into their lives. 因为几乎人人可以发表网络文章，所以，很多电子读物的质量难以保障，相反，阅读内容优质的纸媒书籍可以激发人的 想象力，开发人的创造性，加深人对于生活的洞察。
6. Indeed，I have to concede that many readers，especially teenagers, seem to be drawn to the popular e-reading.我承认，很多人，尤其是青少年读者，似乎被被流行的电子阅读所吸引。
7. Nonetheless，I want to rebut that on no account can we neglect the downsides triggered by e-reading. 但是，我想反驳的是任何情况下我们不能忽视电子阅读带来的弊端。
8. First，as for some of my peers，it is hard for them to change deeply rooted habit of reading printed books or newspapers. 对于我的很多同龄人而言，他们很难改变根深蒂固的阅读纸媒的习惯。
9. No matter how convenient or amusing e-reading is，I still have a preference for reading printed newspapers and magazines.无论电子阅读多么便利和有趣，我依然喜欢阅读印刷版的报纸杂志。
10. For example，as a literature fancier，I take keen interest in reading a magazine entitled Writer，I can either read printed book or and enjoy on-line magazine，however，I still have a sentimental attachment to the traditional way of reading 例如，我是文学发烧友，很喜欢阅读一本名为《作家》的杂志，我可以选择购买书籍，也可以选择网络阅读，但是，我始终对于传统的阅读方式更加依赖.
解析：have a sentimental attachment to 对于……有情感的依恋
11. The ink fragrance of the book never fails to make me feel at ease, when holding a newly published magazine, I usually have an impulse of browsing the book and make some personal notes immediately .一本新书散发着墨香，拿在手里，比较踏实，我可以随时笔记。
解析：make me feel at ease v使我感到心安
12. E-books enjoy their unique merits. To name just a few, e-books have large storage room, are easy to carry, have rich on-line resources and so on 电子阅读有其独有的利好, 例如，电子书存储量大，携带便利，资源丰富等等。
13. Seen from the perspective of health, chronic exposure to the screen might impair one’s eyesight 从健康的角度而言，长期接触电子辐射有害视力。
解析：chronic adj 长期的
解析：impair one’s eyesight v 有害视力
14. With the availability of an ocean of e-books，sometimes，it is hard for readers to select their favorite books. 电子书库信息量很大，有时候，读者反而无从选择他们的喜欢的书籍。
15. The ideal learning effect created by printed books can never be matched by e-reading. 使用纸媒书籍，效果更佳，电子阅读，难以实现。
新托福作文题库【1】
1.Traveling is more important than reading books in order to understand the people and the world. Do you agree or disagree with the statement Use specific reasons to support your answer.
2.Some people like different friends. Others like similar friends. Compare the advantages of these two? kinds of friends. Which kind of friend do you prefer. Explain why?
3.After they complete their university studies, some students live in their hometowns, others live in? different towns or cities. Which do you think is better ... living in your hometown or living in different towns or cities. Give specific reasons for your answer.
4.Some people believe that newspaper are the best source of news. Others think that the news is presented? better on radio or television. Which of these sources of news do you prefer? Use specific examples to? support your choice.
5.Some people learn best when a classroom lesson is presented in an entertaining , enjoyable way. Other? people learn best when a lesson is presented in a serious, formal way. Which of these two ways of? learning do you prefer? Give reasons to support your answer.
6.Some people say that the best preparation for life is learning to be cooperative. Others take the opposite? view and say that learning to be competitive is the best preparation. Tell which one you agree with and explain why.
7.Some people pay money for the things they want or need. Other people trade products or goods for? what they need. Compare the advantages of these two ways of obtaining things. Which way do you? prefer? Explain why.
8.Some people believe that growing up in a large family, with several sisters and brothers, offers? more advantages than disadvantages. Other people think that being the only child is more? advantageous. Write a short essay in which you discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each position. Explain which position you support.
9.Some people think studying in a university is worthwhile only because you can get a degree. Do you? agree or disagree with the statement? Give specific reasons to support your answer.
10.Inventions such as eyeglasses and the sewing machine have had an important effect on our lives.? Choose another invention that you think is important. Give specific reasons for your choice.
11.Someone think that playing a game is fun only when you win. Do you agree or disagree with the? statement. Use specific reasons to support your answer.
12.A research center is going to be established in a university. There is an argument whether to establish an agricultural center or a business one. Which do your think is better. Use specific reasons to support your answer.
13.Neighbors are the people who live near us. In your opinion, what are the qualities of a good neighbor? Use specific details and examples in your answer?
14.Some people like to eat at home and prepare food for themselves, others like to eat outside in restaurants or foodstands. Which way of eating do you prefer.? give specific reasons and examples to illustrate your answer.
15.Some say that the world would be a better place now if the automobile had never been invented. Decide if you agree or disagree with this statement and give specific reasons for your decision.
16.Some people say that the best way to raise children is to encourage them to be independent thinkers. Others disagree and say that children need to be taught discipline in order to become successful. Using specific examples, discuss these two opinions. State which one you agree with and why?
17.Some people like to work or study at night, others like to work or study during the day. Which do you prefer-work or study at night or during the day? Give specific reasons and examples to illustrate your answer.
18.Some people like to study alone, others like to study with several people together. Which do you prefer-study alone or study with other people? Give specific reasons and examples to illustrate your answer.
19.Some people like to use computers to type letter, others like to write letters with a pen. Which do you prefer and why?
20.Some companies like to employ younger and enthusiastic people, other companies like to employ older and experienced people. If you were a boss, which kind of people do you like to employ. Give reasons and specific examples to illustrate your answer.
21.“It”s better to make wrong decision dm make no decision at all.“ Do you agree or disagree with the statement. Give reasons or specific examples to illustrate your answer.
22.Some people tend to work only for money, while others believe that people should enjoy what opinion do. Which opinion do you prefer? Explain why?
23.Some people tend to study a subject in a very intensive way over a short period of time, while others tend to study a subject constantly over a long period of time. What do you think is a better way of learning? Explain why.
24.Should the money invested into a university be used to improve the library or to improve the physical training facilities? What do you think? Why?
25.Should the money invested into a university library be used to buy books or to buy computer? What do you think? Why?
为了帮助大家备考托福写作，熟悉各种话题的写作，下面我给大家带来托福写作话题之校园类，望喜欢！
托福独立写作素材——话题：校园 教育
1. have a grasp of 领会，掌握
You will have an accurate grasp of your strengths and weaknesses after you take the test.
在你考试以后就你那精准了解自己的优缺点。
If you find it hard to keep up in class, hiring a tutor can help you out to gain a better grasp.
如果你在课堂觉得很难跟得上，找个家教能帮你更好掌握。
2. draw on 吸取，借鉴，利用
In every discipline, creativity also draws on skill, knowledge and control.
在每个学科中，创新同样要利用技术，知识和管理力。
The benefit of learning history is that people can draw on experience from the past.
学历史的好处是人们可以吸取过去的 经验 教训。
3. open up job prospects 打开职业前景
Work preparation can offer students a competitive edge and open up job prospects.
职业规划 可以为学生们提供竞争优势并且打开职业前景。
In a less-than-ideal economy, job hunter may have a hard time opening up job prospects.
经济不景气的时候，求职者想要打开职业前景就会有些困难。
4. rise above + n. 克服
Successful man have the capacity to rise above challenges and obstacles in life.
成功人士有克服挑战和困难的能力。
Community service provides students with opportunities to push some boundaries and rise above obstacles.
社区服务提供给学生挑战自我并且克服困难的好机会。
5. lag behind 落后
If you find it hard to keep it up in class, sign up for a course or hire a tutor. Don't lag behind.
如果你发现跟上班里的节奏很难，去报个班或是请个家教。别落后。
Underachievers who have short attention spans are quite likely to lag behind in school.
容易走神的后进生在学校很容易落后。
6. work toward a goal 向着某一目标去努力
Active employee involvement enables the team to work toward a common goal.
让员工积极参与可以使得团队朝着同一个目标前进。
Sure, a practical plan allow individuals to work steadily toward their personal and career goals.
当然，一个务实的计划能让人们更平稳地为个人和工作目标去努力。
7. instill…in sb. 向某人灌输……
Many students all try to instill perseverance in the face of adversity in their students.
许多学校都努力灌输给学生在面对逆境时不屈不挠的精神。
Through helping children with schoolwork, parents can instill children with values that allow them to successfully purse their ambition.
通过辅导孩子的功课，父母可以灌输给他们以后能帮助孩子实现抱负的重要价值观。
8. miss out on sth. 错失，失去
Many children have some exposure to TV, but if they become reliant on screen time to relax, chances are that they will miss out on other meaningful experiences.
很多孩子都接触到电视，但是如果他们太依赖于电视来放松的话，他们可能就会失去参加其他活动的宝贵机会。
Employees should be brought into the decision-making process, otherwise the company will miss out on new thoughts and novel ideas.
下属应参与决策的过程，不然公司就会错过很多新颖的想法。
9. take initiative to do(= show proactivity in doing)积极主动做某事
As creative employees do not believe in simply doing what they are asked to do, they show more commitment and proactivity in exploring other opportunities.
一个有创造力的员工不会只做被告诉的事情，他们会更积极地寻找机会
College students should take initiative to experiment with new working experience and social practice.
大学生应主动尝试新的工作经历和 社会实践 。
10. come in handy 派的上用场，有用
Skills offered in job preparation programs will come in handy when student set out for job markets.
实习期学到的技巧在就业时就能派的上用场
Many college students attend social activities to network with like-minded peers because they believe that such connections will come in handy later in life.
很多大学生参加社交活动来结识志同道合的同龄人，因为他们相信这些人脉以后一定会派的上用场。
11. stem from 来源于
A great deal of the pressure and anxiety about school stems from the college admission race.
关于学校的很多压力和焦虑都来源于考大学的竞争。
A person's commitment to learning something hard usually stems from interest and passion.
一个人学一个很难的科目的执着往往来源于兴趣和热爱。
12. budget one's time 计划，安排时间
Kids should be taught to budget their time wisely with homework.
孩子应该被教会合理地安排做作业的时间。
High schoolers who are over-scheduled should learn to budget their time more effectively.
事件被安排的满满的高中生应该学会更有效的利用时间。
13. over-scheduled 事件被安排的满满的
If you are seen over-scheduled, hyper and always on the go, your boss will fell that this is a good way to be.
如果看到你时间安排得满满的，精神亢奋并总是很忙，领导会觉得这样很好。
This week-to-week grind leaves us feeling over-tired, over-scheduled and not able to enjoy life.
这周而复始的苦活儿留给我们的只有疲惫不堪，慢慢的安排，无法享受生活。
14. sleep deprivation 睡眠不足，缺觉
There has been a serious problem with sleep deprivation, because it makes you unable to concentrate even when you are awake.
睡眠不足会引起严重的问题，因为它会使你即使醒着也很难注意力集中。
Students who suffer from sleep deprivation will end up with falling grades and poor performance at school.
睡眠不足的学生会成绩下降，在校表现不佳。
15. a means of self-expression 一种自我表达的形式
Music provides a medium through which students may learn to express themselves.
音乐提供了一种媒介，通过这种媒介学生也许能学会表达自己。
Art and music can be seen as a means of self-expression, offering a multitude of benefits to students.
艺术和音乐被看作一种自我表达的方式，提供给学生大量的好处。
a multitude of + countable noun
托福写作 范文 之校园 生活类
托福写作参考范文
People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge). Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
参考范文：
eople attend colleges or universities for a lot of different reasons. I believe that the three most common reasons are to prepare for a career, to have new experiences, and to increase their knowledge of themselves and the world around them.
Career preparation is becoming more and more important to young people. For many, this is the primary reason to go to college, They know that the job market is competitive. At college, they can learn new skill for careers with a lot of opportunities. This means careers, such as information technology, that are expected to need a large workforce in the coming years.
Also, students go to colleges and universities to have new experiences. This often means having the opportunity to meet people different from those in their hometowns. For most students, going to college is the first time they’ve been away from home by themselves. In additions, this is the first time they’ve had to make decisions on their own. Making these decisions increases their knowledge of themselves.
Besides looking for self-knowledge, people also attend a university or college to expand their knowledge in subjects they find interesting. For many, this will be their last chance for a long time to learn about something that doesn’t relate to their career.
I would recommend that people not be so focused on a career. They should go to college to have new experiences and learn about themselves and the world they live in.
托福写作模板：学校如何改善学生宿舍
题目
The university will spend money on the dormitory to improve the life quality of students. Which of the following do you think is the best way?
1) Providing a room for quiet study
2) Building an exercise room
3) Providing entertainment place (watch film)
范文1：For Choice 2
If a university wants to improve the quality of life for the students, it should install an exercise room in each dormitory. Exercise balances out a quiet lifestyle based on studying(运动万能句). An exercise room could contain equipment that is impossible to keep in a dorm room, give students as safe place to work out, and provide an opportunity to meet people with the same interests.
分论点1：运动对学生很重要Exercise is essential for students, but often they neglect working out and focus only on studies. An exercise room in the dormitory would be easily accessible, so would encourage students to take a short break to keep their bodies fit. An exercise room could contain equipment such as weight benches and stationary bicycles(器械名称积累) that are too big to keep in the individual dorm room or too expensive to buy or transport from home. An exercise room, therefore, would be a great investment for the university because it would provide the students with training facilities that they would not otherwise have access to without leaving the campus.
分论点2：保障学生安全A dormitory exercise room is also a wise idea because students would have a safe place to work out. The university could ensure that the equipment is clean and operating properly. On top of that, students would not have to leave the building to work out. Staying inside benefits the students in two ways. 原因1：避免路途中发生危险First, they do not have to worry about walking alone, possibly late at night when classes are over. That way they do not have to risk trouble with strangers or people following them. 原因2：避免温度变化引起生病Second, they are not exposed to a severe change in temperature. For example, working out in a warm place and stepping outside in the winter, a person can become sick. Such problems are prevented by staying in the same building.
分论点3：有助于社交Another reason to have an exercise room is to encourage students tointeract with each other(社交万能句). Students may find it fun to exercise together, urging each other on. Students who enjoy exercising can meet each other and become friends. If the students only exercise on their own, they may not realize that someone else has the same interests. Even if they live in the same dorm, they might not have the same classes, and therefore, not have any reason to speak to each other. A common bond of working out together could be formed if the university installed exercise rooms.
An exercise room allows students to work out on equipment they can’t bring from home in asafe environment with other students who enjoy the same activities. Therefore, adding an exercise room is a great investment for a university.
balance out
平衡,抵消
work out
锻炼
on top of that
除此以外
to risk trouble with _ X
冒着与 _ X 产生麻烦的风险
a severe change in temperature
天气的剧烈变化
urge each other on
相互督促
范文2：For Choice 3
To improve the quality of life of its students, our university should create an entertainment room in each dormitory building. An entertainment room would give students a chance to watch movies or attend activities that they otherwise could not, would allow students to make friends with the same interests, and would ensure a safe environment to relax.
分论点1：帮助学生省钱The stereotype of the “starving college student” may seem trite, but many students are on a tight budget and do not have excess cash for fun, extravagant activities(省钱万能句). Such students would greatly benefit from an entertainment room because they could, for example, watch movies without paying premium prices to go to a theater. They could enjoy a game of Ping-Pong without needing a car to drive to a community center with a Ping-Pong table. In other words, if each dormitory had its own activity room, students could enjoy a wide range of activities that they otherwise could not afford to do.
分论点2：有助于社交Furthermore, an entertainment room would encourage students to leave their dorm rooms and interact with a larger range of students. Instead of closeting themselves in a single room with an internet connection to the outside world, they can laugh and talk with others about the activities(社交万能句). Students with different majors or from different grade levels may not have classes in common, but in the activity room, they can find others with the same interests and eventually become friends(社交万能句). Therefore, an entertainment room would provide opportunities to increase social networks(社交万能句).
分论点3：保障学生安全Finally, college students often try risky or outright dangerous stuntsbecause they are living away from home for the first time. For example, they may drink a lot of alcohol and drive a car. In contrast, a dormitory entertainment room could provide safe activities. The room can be monitored so that there are no abuses of drugs or inappropriate behavior, allowing students to relax and enjoy themselves. In addition, if students get together regularly, they can easily observe negative changes in behavior such as a decline into depression(社交的好处、保护学生安全的万能句). Therefore, an entertainment room would give the students a chance to avoid dangerous activities and notice problems before they become serious.
In conclusion, our university should consider adding entertainment rooms in each dormitory. Such rooms can allow students to participate in fun activities and meet others in a safe and supportive environment.
the stereotype of _ X
_ X 的刻板印象
a tight budget
预算紧张
have excess cash for fun, extravagant activities有多余的钱用于有趣的、奢侈的活动
closet themselves in a single room把他们自己关在房间里
outright dangerous stunts完全危险的特技
a decline into depression衰退为抑郁症
in a safe and supportive environment在一个安全的、支持性的环境中
托福写作话题之校园类相关 文章 ：
1. 又难又常考的托福写作范文:环境保护话题
2. 托福写作模板:选择哪一类人合作更有效
3. 如何准备托福写作中的例证?需要明确的审题
4. 托福写作模板:培养成年人最新技术
5. 托福写作模板:老师很难既受欢迎又有效教学
6. 如何才能让托福写作不跑题?写好提纲是重点
7. 托福写作模板:如何提升演讲能力
8. 托福独立写作常见经典收尾范例
9. 如何避开托福写作中的陷阱?
10. 新托福有什么不一样及其考试内容
反驳，分论点一：一个人所读的书不一定可以反映这个人的爱好和性格。虚拟举例：一个喜欢看武侠小说的人可能性格不够坚强，一个喜欢爱情小说的可能性格强硬。
分论点二：一个人喜欢的电视节目或许仅仅反映这个人的娱乐爱好，而不能真正反映出他本身的性格，喜欢综艺娱乐节目的人在工作，生活中很可能是个严肃认真，毫无幽默可言的人。
不同意，让步段：一些小事情可以有个人或者家庭解决，比如自己提高学习成绩。但是很多时候需要政府的帮助。
分论点一：有些大事情无法依靠个人或者家庭。如果政府不出资修建医院机场，则医疗交通没有保障，这些靠家庭或个人无法达到。
分论点二：政府的存在和帮助很有必要，必须只有政府的帮助才能解决问题。面临天灾，政府可以出动救援物资，而仅靠个人家庭是不行的。
温馨提示：
