如何攻克隐藏绝对词的托福作文

如何攻克隐藏绝对词的托福作文

（1）确定题目类别；
（2）牢牢地抓住绝对词与细节词，
（3）牢牢抓住争论焦点；
（4）写作过程中不断提及限定条件。那么如何做到这四点呢？
一. 确定题目类别
新托福独立写作共有三种分类方式，考生在考前明确区分了几种常见的题目类别后，考场上就能比较容易给题目归类，从而灵活利用每种题目的解题方式来应对。
新托福独立写作主要有三种分类方法，分别是按内容、按是否包含因果关系、是否包含比较关系来分。具体分类如下：
（1） 按内容分共有四类
1) Daily life : transportation, food, family relationship, buying behavior；
2) Education: campus life, educators, extracurricular activities；
3) Technology: computer game；
4) Mass media: television, movies, advertisements。
例如：Government should focus its budget more on young children education rather than on universities for successful development of a country. (2009.11.7 NA）

托福作文引段怎样写才能拿高分

首先呢你要把握好作文重要的因素就是论点和论证。因为一篇好的作文，论点可以提纲挈领，论证可以丰富文章内容。上考场前，你的脑袋中一定要装一些东西，好的例子，好的句子。论据可以是一个短语，一个人名，或是一个完整的例子。这种例子能够画龙点睛。然后就是要把握好文章写作思路。之后你应该审题，尤其关注作文题目中的绝对性词汇。其次用20秒的时间，整理脑中所有能用的素材，让这些素材称为支持你段落的骨架，然后开始确定段落的论点。尽量使你的语言句式丰富一些。还有把握好过渡词的使用，和适当的论述方法完善你的作文，让他成为一个逻辑整体。新托福独立作文的写作是讲究技巧的，只要把一篇作文的条理理顺，再用自己的语言组织论点和论据，丰富文章的内容，然后再稍加注意一下措辞

托福大作文怎么写的

1 结构上最好是五段论，开头一段结尾一段中间三段。
2 托福大作文字数要求是最低300，但是写个300出头是不可能拿高分的，建议写到400以上，水平高的有写够500多字的，但不用刻意拼字数，有内容才最重要。
3 逻辑清晰严密。thesis很重要，论证要具体，举例子不要写“a student, one person”之类的模糊主语，要将具体的名字写出来才显得真实，细节填充到位真实感才强，老外阅读很喜欢这些。
4 模板不能抄网上的，作文水平上去之后，考场上其实不用模板也会有很多内容可以写。如果觉得一定要用模板的话，那一定要自己写。

不含绝对词的托福作文结尾怎么写

一、重申立场
“It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects of a fulfilling personal life.”
In conclusion, given the growing demands of career on today’s professionals, a fulfilling personal life remains possible by working smarter, by setting priorities, and by making suitable career choices.
二、重申立场+总结理由
“Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modern society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities.”
In conclusion, schools should not devote less time to the arts and humanities. These areas of study augment and enhance learning in mathematics and science, as well as helping to preserve the richness of our entire human legacy while inspiring us to further it. Moreover, disciplines within the humanities provide methods and contexts for evaluating the morality of our technology and for determining its proper direction.
三、让步+重申立场
“Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels of productivity.”
In the final analysis, the statement correctly identifies job performance as the single best criterion for salary and job security. However, the statement goes too far, it ignores the fact that a cost-of-living salary increase for tenured employees not only enhances loyalty and, in the end, productivity, but also is required by fairness.
四、重申立场+引申扩展
How far should a supervisor go in criticizing the performance of a subordinate­ Some highly successful managers have been known to rely on verbal abuse and intimidation. Do you think that this is an effective means of communicating expectations­ If not, what alternative should a manager use in dealing with someone whose work is less than satisfactory­
In conclusion, supervisors should avoid using verbal abuse and threats. These methods degrade subordinates, and they are unlikely to produce the best results in the long run. It is more respectful, and probably more effective overall, to handle cases of substandard work performance with clear, honest and supportive feedback.

托福作文怎么写

我准备托考的时候，大部分时间都花在练口语和写作上了。我觉得这两大版块其实最有进步空间的地方。可能是平时练的比较多，而且又有兴趣，我英文写作还不错（呵呵，小小自夸一下）下面分享一下我个人的托福写作经验，希望可以起到抛砖引玉的效果。无忧托福网tz6R9|!l
首先，我先来介绍一下托福考试的写作部分的程序：
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作文部分包括两道试题，需在大约50分钟的时间内完成。无忧托福网 inbxz){}6]7R0X@:Xz
第一部分是综合写作 无忧托福网&Y o(J6[*_W0R;p;Yl
是以阅读或听力材料为基础的写作试题，写作时间为20分钟。
&} hT+WXeB0考生首先需要阅读一篇学术演讲，阅读的时间是3分钟。
6M/z_ N?`#Kc:yt0然后文章隐去，这时考生需要听一段大约为1分半钟的演讲。
GC S^,M%HkI#]#{!O0不过之后考生在写作文时仍可以看到在放听力材料时隐去的阅读材料。
zTJ7d-{ }2{W-a;Bh0考生在听录音的过程中可以做笔记来帮助答题。
u#b(ZN._&Q@%Nd0考生用余下20分钟的时间来总结听力材料中的要点，并解释这些要点与阅读材料中的要求有何不同。无忧托福网+if6SD'Z krw3yQ
通常有效的回答应是一篇150－225个单词的作文。
.a-^ u0a.{Qj n:IZ y2z0第二部分是独立写作 无忧托福网s6fuSU)yQR
试题部分需30分钟的时间。
x eLGL#B4?0与现行机考托福的写作或托福写作考试（TWE）类似 无忧托福网{LD5o }+Ik7]!T
需要考生根据自己的知识和经验陈述、解释并支持对待某一问题的某个看法。
(SZ(o&h&FQ;yD[0虽然理论上字数没有上限，但是通常有效的回答应是一篇300个单词左右的作文。无忧托福网L-vHPm
每个写作任务的分数是0－5分。无忧托福网$A3t N l eQ$D
考查综合语言技能的作文题目的评分以回答的质量、完整性和准确性为依据。
&Be%zG'QX!G&YWG E L0 无忧托福网'i8f0xvv(a3H8c
对于合成写作来讲，我觉得难的可能还是属于听力的问题，准备好一个模块和对于阅读有了透彻的了解可以为你的写作加分不少哦，所以两部分应该不是特别大的问题，一般来讲还是听到听力的时候，如何能够有效的抓住它的关键点很重要，这就要靠大家多多练习总结经验了。独立写作是比较难的部分，因为托福独立写作主要测试的是语言，而不是你的思想，也就是说你的观点只要求能够做到大致自圆其说即可，不需要一定是有多么的深刻，所以比较难的一个方面，主要就是如何能够把握好自己的语言，在我考试的时候，我的写作写了500字，但用词基本没超过4级词汇(我的词汇挺贫乏的。)，句型也就局限于定语从句，插入语，1-2个倒装，绝对谈不上语言的优美华丽。但是依然得到了满分30。如果你的英语基础不好的话，报个辅导班也许帮助很大，像我身边同学常常念叨的新东方，秦苏珊英语等，补习班的老师会针对你的薄弱环节教你应对的技巧。其实个人认为托福写作并没那么难啦，把问题叙述清楚，同时注意不要出现太多语法错误就好。无忧托福网%M0zn*|g*i-A)Z HB7`2D
无忧托福网3R"|&N*OdsX
其实美国人总是用 简单的“线性思维”来思考问题。他们的写作格式遵循着标准的“总—分—总”形式（这点老师在平时的写作过程中也是反复强调的哦）。这种思维源于美国的presentation，即美国学生在课堂上的演说。他们做这种演说所遵循的原则是“总—分—总”。在新托福写作中，用这种思维最容易获得高分，所以你要在平时的练习中一定要注意写作的结构，总分总是永远的真理，呵呵（当然要是对于自己的英语水平很自信的同学就不用拘泥于这种写法，但是是要冒风险的哦）。
+vT8L Aa?`Jk:^H?0 无忧托福网/lK:v'fQ[
最后，我想和大家分享一下我的算是一点的小爱好吧。我很喜欢参加一些英文写作比赛，多参加几次这样的比赛锻炼锻炼，丰富了自己的写作经验不说，而且对于树立自信心有很大的帮助呢。虽然我获奖次数不多，但还是很喜欢这种和托福有关联的比赛活动，会上瘾的哦，呵呵，不过这种比赛还真是不多啊，我在网上搜了一下，在秦苏珊的官网找到的一个“新鲜出炉”的托福写作挑战赛，心痒痒得的我正打算练练手呢。我觉得拿它当做实战练习不错，而且写完以后还有老师免费批阅，无忧托福网8HsJdb#CBn L
?'l{y@ d E)n*t0祝各位托友考个好成绩，希望以上的内容会对大家有所帮助！

带走绝对词的托福写作 沟通能力是不是政客和领导最重要的特性

您好，成都瑞知英语很高兴为您解答。

带绝对词的话题一般反面写会比较好些，

本文可以写：

不同意：

首段：沟通能力无疑对于领导或政客来说非常重要，因此很多人误以为它是最重要的。但事实上，有很多比它更重要的能力，比如：发现成员优势的能力；和前瞻性。

发现成员优势，并能为我所用的能力的重要性。举例：Andrew Carnegie（钢铁大王）

有远见的重要性。举例：Elon Musk

同意：

对内沟通能力很重要—激励members，协调各departments之间的关系等；

对外沟通—谈生意、公关、合作伙伴

托福写作结尾模板

为了帮助大家写好托福 作文 的结尾段，不断提高自己的托福分数，下面我给大家带来托福写作结尾模板，来参考学习一下!

托福写作结尾原则

在之前的 文章 中我们探讨过如何快速准确地开头，如何避免一些常见的错误，包括语法错误和标点错误，那一篇好的作文肯定也离开一个漂亮的结尾，那么这里我们再来探讨一下如何做好托福独立写作的收尾工作。不

末段强化阅卷人对文章的整体印象。新托福官方指南指出文章末段通常要完成下列任务：

1讨论作者自己的看法的重要性

2 以不同的措辞复述文章的主题

3 总结 本文的主要论点

4 还可以包含轶事，引语，统计数字或者建议

托福写作结尾段句型

After pondering this question on many occasions, I have finally reached the conclusion that…

Given the factors I have just outlined, I believe that

All the reasons above have led to the conclusion that …

Finally, I want to reinforce my standpoint that….

In a word/in summary/to conclude, it is more valuable to…

In light/view of the above arguments, I would like to restate my point that

From what I mentioned above, we can draw a conclusion that

based on that, we can safely assume that

With all factors being considered, it’s reasonable to believe that

In a word/in summary/to conclude, it is more valuable that

托福写作结尾模板

仔细解读了这个规定，我总结出了几个比较常用的文章结尾。

重申立场+总结理由

简而言之，此 方法 就是再陈述一下对于文章的看法，然后分别列出支持你的观点理由，这些理由全完可以是主体段落的主题句的改写

题目：More and more people are spending money on their pets, even though there can be other good ways to spend money.

From what I mentioned above, we can draw a conclusion that even though the sharp expense on pets may seem puzzling, when all things are considered, it is worth spending money on their pets. Since the emotional gratification people receive from their pets immensely far outweighs what they can get by spending in other aspects.

让步+转折

此方法特别适用于反对题目观点的结尾，就是先承认题目说的有一些道理，然而有更好的方法来或者更重要的方面。

题目：Good communication skill is the most important characters for a person who wants to become successful.

Admittedly, a silver tongue makes it easier to feed ourselves. (让步)However, we should also take into consideration the importance of our aspiration, practical capabilities, as well as commitment due to diverse requirements of different jobs.

重申立场+强调题目观点带来的后果

此方法特别适用于绝对类型的题目，因为一般太绝对的东西大家都会认为太局限，那这时候我们就可以强调一下该观点不是完全正确的，如果一直都这样做，会导致一个什么后果就可以了

题目：We should never be impolite in the modern society.

Being polite to others is a virtue, but sometimes being polite is only a twisted virtue. We should be gentle and polite to others in most cases, but if we still remain polite when treated intolerantly or even threatened rudely by bad people, it maybe brings about some bad consequences.

重申立场+提出建议

该方法是站在比较中立的立场所给出的自己的一个建议，适用范围比较广，我们只需在结尾的地方提出一些建议就可以了。

题目：. In order for a business to succeed, it must put more money in advertising.

In view of the above arguments, there are other aspects like investment, management, and services, that are of equal or more significance in a business’s success under different circumstances. That’s what enables me to come to the conclusion that putting more money in advertising isn’t always the ultimate solution to a business’s success. Given the fact that business thrives on high-quality products and services, it’s highly suggested a business maintain the quality of it’s products and services while focusing on the primary issues.

重申立场+反问句

就是重申自己的观点，加上一个反问句来结尾，我们都知道反问句都有增强句式的优点，所以此方法很容易让人们信服你自己的

题目：In order for a business to succeed, it must put more money in advertising.

To sum up,　I agree that it is necessary for businessman to invest money and energy in advertising. From the perspective　of　business, how can one possibly deny that the advertisement make the products recognizable and trustworthy to buyers?

托福写作 范文 ：现在比以前更容易接受 教育

托福独立写作真题

Nowadays it is easier to be an educated person than it was in the past.

托福独立写作题目

It is easier to become a educated person today than it was in the past.

点睛

题目大意：成为一个受过教育的人现在要比过去更加容易。此题属于典型的古今对比，常见的思考方向有：科技水平、物质水平、受教育水平、人们的意识和观念、社会的趋势和政策。波波建议选择同意，因为高科技的产品出现和人们教育意识的提升。

托福独立写作范文一

As is known to all, receiving education has always been the main way for us to acquire knowledge throughout the human civilization history. Recently there has been a hot debate whether education today is more accessible to the public than in the past. As far as I am concerned, there is no doubt that people nowadays have much easier access to education with the following reasons.

To begin with, the advent of various high-tech products has enriched the ways and approaches to receive education. Obviously, with the introduction of advanced means of education, educational resources take on multiple forms such as distant education and online study, which make knowledge more accessible to us. However, in the past, the only way to get educated was to attend classess in traditional schools, which definitely increases the difficulty of gaining education. For example, in the process of making preparations for TOEFL test, I want to take class in Beijing New Oriental School. But I am an undergraduate student of a university far away from Beijing. Meanwhile, due to the academic pressure from my college study, it is impossible for me to take a month off and to have an intensive course in Beijing. Thanks to the online courses, I can take these classes in my college while handling the tasks and assignment from my field of study. The online courses make possible the in-time response to my questions and online submission of assignments.

Secondly, since more and more importance is being attached to education, it is much easier and essential to get educated than in the past. Under the society full of intense competition, acquiring formal education has become the essenital precondition for anyone to make a living. As a result, the public awareness of receiving education is much stronger than before, leading to a common phenomenon that an increasing number of parents send their kids to study abroad. However, in the bygone days/in the old days, the requirement for a person was not as strict as it is today, with the result that less attention was paid to education. According to a survey conducted by the National Educational Department in China, the number of students who take the national college entrance examination has risen from 88.3% in 2008 to 92.5% in 2013. Meanwhile, another research shows that the literacy rate in China has increased by 23.6% in 2013 compared with 61.50% in 1993. The above data has shown that the number of educated people has gone through a dramatic rise, which indirectly indicates that education now is more available to the public.

Admittedly, some areas in the world may be cited as an exception. For instance, people in the war-stricken areas including Iraq and Syria do not have easier access to education and some of them are even on the verge of starvation. In these areas, the current educational situation is not better than that in the past. However, such cases only occupy such a tiny percentage of the global population that they can be neglected.

In conclusion, I believe that it is much easier for the public to receive education than in the past with the aid of technology and the awakening sense of education.(By Zhaobo, 534 words)(新东方 赵波)

托福独立写作范文二

Access to education is an indispensable part of one’s privilege regardless of one’s gender, culture, and family background. When it comes to the availability of educational resources, some believe that it is more difficult for kids from common household to get decent education due to the wide gap between rich and poor and the ever-increasing tuitions, while others claim that it is much easier for people to have access to different educational resources than ever before. I, personally, tend to argue that multiple educational resources are more accessible to modern people based on the following reasons.

First off, the advent of technological gadgets makes it possible for people from common family backgrounds to gain access to education. To be more specific, with the appearance of smart phones, tablets and computer laptops, it is easier for people of all age groups, including adolescents and teenagers, to get access to all kinds of education resources. For example, with internet access and a laptop, which is basically a necessity for everyone, people of all age groups can get proper education especially with the establishment of massive on-line open course like courser, Edx, etc. These massive on-line courses covers a wide range of topics ranging from computer science, coding, to language learning and soft skill development. In sharp contrast, a few decades ago, people from poverty-stricken areas had never dreamed of attending the lectures offered by world-renowned professors, however, with the above-mentioned resources, it is absolutely possible for those people to realize their dreams. Thus, state-of-the-art technology makes if possible for people to have full access to high quality educational resources.

Additionally, governments have put so much financial and human resources to provide education at different levels so that people enjoy a better chance to be educated. For instance, Chinese government spared no effort in this regard since education from kindergarten to twelfth grade is fully subsidized and such educational experience is accessible to children from both rural and urban areas. Besides, institutions of higher learning and various research centers receive state fund, and the figure is so phenomenal that it is not exaggerated to claim that it is in billions of U.S. dollars. Such foundations can be for multiple purpose, like purchasing advanced science equipment, attracting bring young researchers and scientists, funding cutting-edge research to improve people’s livelihood, directly and indirectly. All of these institutions and universities are in a better position to provide education resources to people.

In conclusion, it is much easier for people to get education of all level ranging from kindergarten to tertiary education since education comes in handy with advanced technological tools like these massive on-line courses and governments’ effort to improve people’s educational experience. (By Meng, Yan ;565 words)(新东方 孟炎)

托福写作词汇有哪些使用技巧？

感谢您关注智课网(SmartStudy)
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1、托福写作词汇使用技巧：选词时要符合语言习惯并与社会文化诸多背景一致
例如，英美人对landlord和peasant两词的理解与中国人截然不同。英美人对前者的理解首先是“房东”，然后才是“地主”；而peasant一词对他们来说意味着“粗俗”与“无知”，此词多少带有贬义色彩。再如propaganda一词在中国并不带有西方人所理解的贬意；而Firstlady(第一夫人)绝不能理解为汉语的原配夫人，因此在写作中应特别注意这类词，否则会导致冒犯和误解。由于东西方社会历史文化的差异，许多词所引申或代表的内容也大相径庭，Phoenix在西方象征“复活”、“再生”，而汉语的这一词却表示“祥瑞”。Peach在汉语中象征“长寿”而在英语中却用以指代“特别讨人喜爱的人或物”。又比如在表示色彩的词中green是青春的颜色，常表示希望、活力，但在英语中green又与“妒忌”(tobegreenwithenvy，green-eyed)和“没有经验的”(agreenhorn)联系起来。如果没有广泛的阅读积累，养成经常查字典的良好习惯，单凭想当然地选词，势必会词不达意。即使同一事物，在美国和英国也可能有不同的表达。例如：corn一词在美国指“玉米”而在英国泛指“谷物”；“地铁”在英国用tube或underground美国则用subway。此类的例子还有pavement/sidewalk，Chemists‘shop/drugstore等。
2、托福写作词汇使用技巧：在英语写作中特别要注意区分同义词，选词时要考虑主题、对象及情景
由于历史的原因，现代英语除本族语外，还包括大量的法语和拉丁来源的饲，这就使英语的同义词相当丰富。总的来讲，英语本族语大多是短词，小词，听起来朴素)亲切，大量用于口头表达：法语来源的词庄重文雅，多与行政、宗教、军事、服饰等有关；拉丁来源的词，书卷味浓，如ask，question，inter-rogate这三个不同来源的同义词在不同的主题、对象、情景下用法就不一样。同义词除了来源的不同会影响措词的选择外，它们在程度、感情色彩上也有不同。比如“瘦”可以用slender，slim，lean，thin，underweight，gaunt，lanky，skinny等来表达，而sleder表示“苗条”是褒义的，skinny却是贬义的，underweight则是中性的词。即使同是褒义词，表达的感情色彩也不同。比如little和petite两个同义词当用来描绘女子时，都意为“个子小”的，但petite同时还有“匀称”的意义，而little更强调“可爱的”或“可怜的”，根据不同的上下文，它还有“纤小”、“娇小”或“弱小”等不同意义。因此在选词表达思想时，一定要分清主题，对象及情景。
另外，让中国学生头痛的是一些同义词的习惯搭配。比如large和big都指“大”，但large通常用来修饰诸如number，amount及quantity(alargenumberofstudents，alargeamou-ntofmoney，alargequantityofwine，etc)。但象“勇气”，“信心”，”能力”、“智慧”等表示个人素质的名词，人们通常用呷碰而不用big或large来修饰。由此可见，在英语写作实践中，小马过河提出，区分同义词的用法是相当重要的。
3、托福写作词汇使用技巧：措词选择应把握好英语和汉语词汇无法对应的部分
不是所有的英语词汇都有相应的汉语表达，一些不同的英语词汇也有可能用同样的汉语来表达，这就使我们在用英语来表达思想对面临更多选择上的困难。比如family和home两词都可译成汉语的“家”，但它们却不是同义词。Family主要指家庭成员，与人有关，而home主要指所居住的地点、住宅。Except和besides有时都译成同样的汉语“除了”，但他们的意思却是相反的。因此我们不能依赖于单纯的汉语译意。否则我们可能会被误导。尽管许多英语对应的汉语词汇都能表达它们真正的意思，但往往有些英语词汇没有准确的汉语对应词；所以只有在不同的上下文中才能确定它们真正的意思，比如send一词，如果单把它理解成汉语的“送”的话，象这样的句子“她送信给我”也许会被写成shesentmetheletter.而英语准确的表达应是shebroughtmetheletter.再如“他将送朋友去机场”，如果写成Hewillsendhisfriendtotheairpot。就又错了。如何做到托福口语正确复述？正确的表达应该是Hewillgototheairpotwithhisfriendtoseehimoff.实际上sendsthtoaplace应该是请别人送去，自己不去。因此，要确定我们所选的词是否准确、恰当，单凭查词典还不行。
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托福写作主体段常见写法

托福写作的主体段是作者表达观点、论述观点的段落。这部分一般来说是三个小的自然段，段落之间存在着逻辑关系。主体段作为托福写作的核心内容，需要考生学会搭建 文章 的结构，从而在论观点和论据的时候，能够更加富有逻辑性。接下来，我和大家分享托福写作主体段常见的写作 方法 。

托福写作主体段常见写法

1、主体段内并列

段内并列的特点是主体段内的几个分论点属于同级并列关系。这种逻辑写起来比较“方便”，所以也被考生们用得最多。它的标志词就是大家耳熟能详的First,(注意在美国用Firstly比较少)/First of all,/In the first place,/To start with,/To begin with,/Second,/Also,…/…as well./.…too/Another reason is.../“one thing,…For another,.…/Third,/Lastly, / Finally以及朋友们很偏爱的Last but not least这些连词连接段落之间的关系。

段内并列的标志词最大的特色其实就是让读者一眼看出文章的架构，了解主体段三个自然段落之间的关系。不过段内并列本来就是比较直白的一种逻辑，在考生中使用的频率相对来说较高，而且深入论证时适当加些好句型和好词汇调节一下就可以了。

段内并列的优点是在实战中操作方便，不容易出现失误。但缺陷是使用的考生较多，特色不够明显。而且比较适合用来写“折中式” 作文 的主体段。而不太适合写“一边倒“作文的主体段。如果打算使用这种段内结构，那么分论点后面的支持句应该尽量多用些连接词或者好句型。

2、主体段内递进

这种写法和段内并列并没有本质区别，只是分论点间的层次感更加清晰。段内递进的标志词有The primary(首要的)reason is...(请注意primarily这个词一般是用在句中，极少用在句首)/ The principal(最主要的)factor is... / The main concern is... /The chief consideration is.../Moreover .../ Furthermore, .._/ Further, ...(用Further的考生明显要比用Furthermore的少，其实这个词在美国大学写作中也相当常见)/ Apart from...,…/Aside from...,Additionally，/Besides,…/What's more,…/Plus,…/In addition,…/段内递进一般也多用于折中式作文，但较少用于“一边倒”文章的主体段。折中式的文章主要是能够照顾正反观点，这样的话，递进比较会更好。

3、主体段内因果

因果关系是人类逻辑中基础的关系之一。所以，在新托福作文主体段中也一再高调亮相，即“辩证”的手法。因果关系主要是指在段落内部进行原因和结果的论述。我们在每一个段落开头给出分论点的同时，后面紧接着的一定是针对这个分论点的论据内容。这种结构是最基本的，也是考生最常用的论述方式。最大的特点就是简单，比较好表述。

4、主体段内让步

让步的标志词：Granted,…(诚然……);Admittedly,…(我承认……);I tend to agree that...;It's true that...;To be sure,…;Surely，…;Few can deny that...需要提醒各位的是，托福作文中主体段内一般都是通过这些词制造出虚假妥协气氛，之后通常都还要用下列词汇转折:However,…Yet...(注意Yet后面不要加逗号)Nevertheless,…Nonetheless,…Even so,. Still,…(这里不是“仍然”“而是”“尽管如此”的意思)Despite that,…等。

以上四种托福写作主体段的论述方式是考生比较常用，也是能够帮助考生更好地论述文章内容的方式。主体段之间的逻辑关系，无非是并列、递进、因果和让步。考生在使用这些论述方式的时候，一定要针对每一种论述方式的特点，避免出现错误。

托福独立写作主体段怎样展开中心观点的论述：、

If children spend too much time watching TV, their time for study will naturally be reduced. Hence, the limitation from parents is meaningful.

分析中心论点的主要内容：

1.因果关系以及对事物的影响。例如：…benefits…. Thus, I agree/disagree/prefer…

2.因为……好;所以……不好。例如：Because…. Thus, I agree/disagree/prefer…….

PART2：specific reasons具体的例证

例证主要是可以有逻辑地推出论点的思路和想法。Specific reasons are sentences which are different from the topic sentence and not the content of example, belong to specific reasons.例证有三个途径，分别是：解释说明、例证展开以及拓展延伸。当具体原因已经足够支撑本段，可以使用概括性的例子或者是不使用例子。

PART3：examples举例的方法

这里分享一下人物事例的举例方法，人物事例包括名人事例和个人事例。名人事例具有权威性、客观的特点;个人事例则具有亲切、主观的特点。例如：It is not surprising to find many coach potatoes in school. Peter, my classmate, is one of them. Watching TV too much has impaired his vision and he has to wear glasses now, which is not convenient for him to play basketball, his favorite sport activity.这个事例中运用了个人事例，例子是作者的同学。引用个人事例让人更有同感，也会觉得更加有说服力。但是，在使用的时候，一定要注意事例阐述的准确、简洁，不要车轱辘话一堆。如果没有适合题目的事例，也可以根据实际生活编造例子，但是要注意是有可能发生的事例。

PART4：conclusion 总结 段的写法

总结段主要是强调主题或总结结果。总结的结果一般是从中间部分得出的结论，而强调主题则是达到和首段呼应的效果，让整篇文章看起来更加紧凑。例如：To sum up, watching TV at will exerts negative influences on children; therefore, control from parents is indispensable.

托福写作备考策略之独立话题

选取2016年9月独立机经部分题目

1.Somestudents prefer to have their final grades determined by numerous small assignments, whereas others prefer to have their grades determined by only afew large ones. Which do you prefer and why?

2.An effective leader tries to make others feel they are parts of a decision.

3.If a city has an amount of money, which option listed in the following do you prefer?

Build a public garden to provide quiet environment to benefit all

Build a sports field for students in high school which doesn’t have its own.

4.Governmenthas done enough to educate people the importance of a balanced lifestyle and healthy eating.

5.In the past,people were more interested in improving their neighborhoods than they are today.

6.In the past,young people depended on their parents for making decisions. Today young people are better able to make decisions on their own.

7.It is better to relax by watching TV or reading a book than by doing physical exercises.

8.We should state our honest opinions even though people may disagree with us.

9.In order to succeed in a new job, the ability to adapt oneself to the new environment ismore important than excellent knowledge.

10.People spend too much time communication through social media and text messages.

11.There is noreason to be rude to another person.

12.Technology designed to make people’s life simpler in fact make peoples life morecomplicated.

13.Movies andTV programs made in your own country are more interesting compared to moviesand programs made in other countries.

14.It is as important for older people to study and lean new things as it is for youngpeople.

15.To remain happy and optimistic whenever you fail is more important than to achieve success.

16.It is important to know what is happening around the world, even if it does not affect your personal life.

实用方法介绍

丨1.常用论点/理由

针对独立写作的常见话题，大致可归成三类：个人类(关于学习、工作、休闲、做人的选择);古今类(题目中有明显的now… past … 让考生判断现在和过去在某一方面的比较);决策类(题目中通常有government这个词出现，讨论政府的投资或者政策，有些题目虽然没有government这个词出现，但如果涉及的是有社会影响力的话题，也可以划为政府类，比如 A/D Professional athletes such as the football playerand basketball player deserve high salaries that they are paid.)

1)个人类常用理由

学知识、练技能、拓展视野……..

工作机会、赚钱…….

交朋友、陪伴家人……. (合作、沟通) …….

品质(自信，独立，坚持，乐观 ) / 兴趣 爱好

身体健康、放松心情…….

省时间、省钱、省精力………..

2)古今类常用理由

现代社会的优点：

教育 : 先进全面鼓励个性

工作：种类丰富机会多

医疗：治愈缓解更多疾病

技术：网络电子产品汽车

公共设施：便利的交通娱乐购物餐饮

法律制度：保障个人权利

媒体：揭露真相传播信息

人与人：互动频繁、方便

经济进步：更充裕的钱和无助

世界和平：更少的战争伤亡

现代社会的缺点：

环境问题(污染，能源消耗)

生活压力(学习，工作)

欺骗敲诈

3)决策类常用思路

注：除了使用个人类常用理由，针对决策类这种和政府相关有社会影响力的题目，建议多角度讨论，一下是常见的讨论角度：

1.大众 individuals

对我们有什么用?(放松健康省钱知识关系等等)

是不是我们每个人都需要的?(大多数/ 小众)

2. 相关群体relativegroups

题目中谈论到的比如artists,scientists, athletes 等等

3. 企业companies

企业有钱，可以代替政府去投资有利可图的领域

4. 社会 Society

Economy(tourism), culture, safety, improvement …

丨2.对比段

通常来说，托福独立写作的论证写3段，上文介绍了最基本的常用理由，但有时候，因为各种原因只想出2个理由的时候，可以写一段对比段，即把对比论证写一段。

具体案例参考第三部分的机经详解

丨3.让步段

除了对比段之外，让步段也可以解决只有2个理由缺少第三个段落的问题。

具体案例参考第三部分的机经详解

丨4.拆分法/分情况讨论

针对一些比较抽象的独立写作话题，我们可以分情况讨论，或者对于关键词进行定义和拆分，在更加具体的情况下方便论证。

具体案例参考第三部分的机经详解

丨5.检验论点

没有标准答案，这是独立解题最自由的地方。但这并不意味着什么样的理由都可以作为论点并且展开段落的。课堂上，一些学生可以马上相处三个理由，但仔细探究，可能只有一个理由是可以作为论点的。

这里说一下三个检验标准：1.支持观点 2. 论点相互不重叠 3. 易于展开

丨6.灵活调整

根据ETS的出题，我们知道，题目是千变万化的，为了帮助学生更好的应对，老师们会总结出一些实用方法，对学生来说，比死记硬别、生搬硬套更重要的是，在题目的练习中，去运用这些方法，并且灵活的调整。

如果觉得一些常用理由不适合支持某一道题，那么就放弃这个理由;

如果只想出两个理由，那么可以加一个让步段或者对比段;

如果一道题直接用常用理由去支持很难，可以试着拆分法;

如果完全同意/不同意很难，可以试着两边倒;

如果题目中有绝对词，可以部分同意/不同意。

... ...

实用方法在题目中的具体运用

使用第一部分的9月机经部分题目

1.Some students prefer to havetheir final grades determined by numerous small assignments, whereas othersprefer to have their grades determined by only a few large ones. Which do youprefer and why?

观点：small assignments

论点1：轻松

论点2：知识(学生复习;老师备课)

论点3：对比段/让步段

2.An effectiveleader tries to make others feel they are parts of a decision.

观点：agree

论点1：来自领导的尊重要员工更快乐积极

论点2：员工的参与促进想法的完善

论点3：对比段

3.If a city has an amount ofmoney, which option listed in the following do you prefer?

1)Build a publicgarden to provide quiet environment to benefit all

2)Build asports field for students in high school which doesn’t have its own.

版本A：

观点：选1)

论点1：relaxing

论点2：used byeveryone

论点3：让步段(承认2的好处指出显著缺点即优惠了一小部分人不公平)

版本B：

观点：选2)

论点1：healthy

论点2：mentality

论点3：补充建议(允许周末开放给市民)

4.Governmenthas done enough to educate people the importance of a balanced lifestyle andhealthy eating.

观点：Disagree

论点1： knowledge 宣传健康饮食的知识( 课程 广告 )

论点2： pressure 减少学习和工作压力

论点3： money 建设更多更便宜的运动场所减轻人们的经济负担

注：这道题，用个人类的常用理由就可以解决，那么久不用多角度思考了~

5.In the past,people were more interested in improving their neighborhoods than they aretoday.

观点：Disagree

论点1：经济进步大家有时间和精力改善社区

论点2：沟通方便更好的解决社区问题

论点3：普遍受过教育有能力解决问题

注：三个古今类的常用理由，现代社会的优点

6.In the past, young people depended ontheir parents for making decisions. Today young people are better able to makedecisions on their own.

观点：Agree

论点1：Internet –丰富信息

论点2：Education – 培养独立

论点3：对比段

7.It is betterto relax by watching TV or reading a book than by doing physical exercises.

版本A：

观点：Physical exercise

论点1：health

论点2：cooperation

论点3：make friends

论点4：release pressure

论点5：让步段/对比段

注：有些题目，可以相处很多个有效论点，那就选择自己觉得好写的展开～

版本B：

观点：TV book

论点1：convenience;

论点2：knowledge andinspiration

论点3：让步段/对比段

8.We shouldstate our honest opinions even though people may disagree with us.

观点：agree

论点1：家庭

论点2：朋友

论点3：学习/工作

注：用拆分法解这道题，即把说实话放在生活中的三大场景下，便于进行具体论证

9.In order tosucceed in a new job, the ability to adapt oneself to the new environment ismore important than excellent knowledge.

版本A：

观点：Bothimportant

论点1：知识– 独立解决问题&自信

论点2：适应能力–效率&轻松

注：两边倒的题目，两个支持对象的各写一段，每一段设立有1-2个小论点，这样不用担心字数~

版本B：

观点：Agree

论点1：get alongwith different people

论点2：learn newknowledge

论点3：adjustmentality

注：对适应能力进行拆分，解读成和不同的人相处的能力、学习新知识的能力、调整心态的能力，这些都比固有的接触知识更重要，因为，世界一直在变啊~

10.Peoplespend too much time communication through social media and text messages.

观点：Disagree

论点1：Relaxing

论点2：Improvefriendship

论点3： Learning

11.There is noreason to be rude to another person.

版本1：Agree 常用理由 -mood - efficiency - opportunity

版本2：Agree 拆分法- 家庭礼貌- 工作礼貌 - 社交礼貌

12.Technologydesigned to make people’s life simpler in fact make peoples life morecomplicated.

agree

1) car –traffic jam; air pollution

2) internet – too much information to handle; false and misleading

3) digital devices – distraction (music; games; chat; online shopping)

注：把technology 拆分成三个主要方面，汽车、互联网、电子设备

13.Movies andTV programs made in your own country are more interesting compared to movies andprograms made in other countries.

观点：both interesting

Own country:1 共鸣理解2 喜欢的演员

Foreign country:1拓展视野2精彩的画面

14.It is asimportant for older people to study and lean new things as it is for youngpeople.

Agree

版本1：拆分法(对学习新知识诠释)

1 学习 健康知识

2 培养爱好

3 学习使用电脑上网

版本2：常用理由

1 mentalhealth

2improve convenience

3communication with young people

15.To remainhappy and optimistic whenever you fail is more important than to achievesuccess.

Agree

1)mentalhealth

2)stimulateimprovement

3 )让步段(承认成功是可喜的但是生活的常态就是一直失败、努力、克服苦难、获得成功，也就是说，成功是个结果，那么占据生活主要的是那个过程，所以为了健康以及持久的成功，乐观积极更重要)

16.It is importantto know what is happening around the world, even if it does not affect yourpersonal life.

Agree

版本1：常用理由

1)relaxing

2)knowledge

3)communication

版本2：拆分法

1)medicalnews – health

2)political news – safety

3)economic news – money

托福独立写作如何审题？

感谢你关注智课网（smartstudy）
同学您好:托福独立写作备考：审题的“精确性”
根据专家对于过去2年独立写作考题的分析，发现有90%以上的题目属于“支持/反对”型：
2011.01.30
Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement?
Because the change of the society is sorapidly，people are less happy or less satisfied with their life than peopledid in the past time.
而剩下的则是由“对比论述型”构成的：
2011.03.13
Some people think children should spendmost of their time in studying and playing while others think they should helptheir parents with the household chores. What’s your opinion?
在审题时，考生必须首先把题目通读1-3遍，彻底把握题目主旨后，方可进行段落布局。在这里，笔者结合自己的经验给考生们一些建议：首先，判断题目是否包含“绝对”含义的词，若有，则按照上篇讲过的建议布局，若没有，则对于同意或者反对的理由进行快速的brain storming，然后根据分论点的数量及论点的可延展性来敲定立场：
Some people think that human needs forfarmland，housing，and industry are more important than saving land for endangeredanimals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Usespecific reasons and examples to support your answer.
Disagree：
1) Endangered animals are valuable becauseof their limited quantities
2) Environment balance
3) Endangered animals sometimes stand forthe country，so they are more valuable than farmlands
Agree：
1) life quality is the top priority
2) endangered animals can be raised in thezoos
经过一番考量，假如考生得出了上述的一些分论点及想法，这时候，主体段的布局基本就可以敲定大方向了。第一种就是完全反对题目的说法，采用五段式结构布局，每个主体段论证上述三个分论点中的一个;第二种也是反对题目的说法，采用五段式结构布局，但是前2个主体段从三个分论点中选二个去论证，而第三个主体段从“同意”的二个分论点里去选一个，最后的结论还是倾向于反对的。
第三种是采用四段式结构布局，即第一个主体段从三个反对意见中选择二到三个分论点去写，而第二个主体段则从赞同的分论点里去选择，数量上比前一段少一个即可，最后结论还是倾向于反对多一点。这样说是不是有些同学看了会有点“晕”呢?那下面笔者就再举个简单点的例子吧：
Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement? Television，newspapers，magazines，and other media pay too much attention to the personal lives offamous people such as public figures and celebrities. Use specific reasons anddetails to explain your opinion.
Disagree：
1) Most people are common，so theywant to know something about famous ones
2) Famous people stand for some fashion
3) Constrain the public figures
4) Celebrities can improve the nationalcohesion and unity
又经过了几分钟思考，我们得出了上述的四个分论点，但是一时半会赞同的理由实在是想不出。若考试的时候遇到这种情况，千万别犹豫不决，马上从已经想好的观点里面进行挑选。于是，这个题目我们就采用完全反对的立场，以五段式结构布局全文，主体段的分论点从上述四点中挑选三个展开论述即可。这样一来，大家是不是明白一点了呢?
Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement? Parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions fortheir older (15 to 18 year-old) teenage children. Use specific reasons andexamples to support your opinion.
Agree： Parents makedecision for children.
1) Parents have more experience
2) 15-18 years old children are not adults，so theycan't take responsibility
还有一种情况就是我们只能想出两个分论点，这时候考生应该果断采用四段式布局，而这一次，两个主体段都分别论述一个同意的理由，而在结尾时，可以顺便提一些反对的理由，这样也不失为一种灵活的方法，希望考生们可以借鉴。
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