托福阅读考试词汇考察特点

托福阅读考试词汇考察特点

托福阅读涉及的知识面比较广泛，所以对学生的词汇要求就比较高，有些考生在面对托福阅读时总是有些畏惧，因为词汇积累不够。我提示各位考生，一定要了解托福阅读考试中词汇考查的特点，清楚之后备考起来会更方心。下面是我要和大家分享的托福阅读考试中词汇考查深度分析，小伙伴们可以参考一下!

　特点一：托福阅读高分至少六级词汇量

第一是因为托福阅读中有一种题目叫做词汇题，词汇题是这样的一种题：你认识这个单词就肯定能做对，而且能很快地做对。你不认识这个单词就是经过层层推断，耗费了很多时间还很容易得到错误的结果，所以说解决词汇题的王道就是认识这个单词。那么词汇题在托福阅读中究竟有多重要呢?是占了25%以上的比例的。OG上说，每篇阅读题有3-6个单词题(每篇托福阅读总共只有13个题呀)，可见词汇题的重要性--只要把词汇题解决了，就能轻松拿下托福阅读中的一大块分数，还为做其它题节省了宝贵的时间。托福阅读的词汇题中考到的词汇是什么难度呢?大概是6级的词汇，也有稍难一些的。所以为了保险起见，单词的水平要达到6级以上，这样就可以把阅读中单词题的分数拿满。

第二是阅读速度的问题。对于中国考生，托福阅读的一大障碍在于时间不够用，读文章的速度太慢了。不是说认识单词就能快速读懂文章，而是说单词量太小阅读速度必然大打折扣!

　特点二：托福阅读专业词汇要求高

第一是托福阅读考察的词汇是偏于专业性质的，原因是这样：托福考试是为了看考生的英语水平能否保证其在大学中顺利学习专业知识，因此考察的内容是偏重学术的方面的，而阅读文章也多从大学课本的简易内容中选取。所以在背单词的时候对于学术词汇给予一定程度的重视是合理的。

第二是托福阅读考察的专业词汇难度有限。这点也是很自然的，因为托福毕竟是一门英语水平考试，又不是专业考试。难度较大的专业词汇在阅读中确实会出现，但根本不是考察的内容，而且其意思可以很容易地猜出来。

举个例子：It should be obvious that cetaceans--whales, porpoises, and dolphins--are mammals，这是OG阅读题中的一个原句。这句话中的cetacean就是一个过分专业而无需背的单词，你只要认识了whales，dolphins，mammals就知道了cetacean是生活在水里(海里的)动物，而且是哺乳动物，这就相当于知道了cetacean的意思了。需要记忆的是mammal，whale，dolphin这种比较常用的专业词汇，而不是cetacean这种生僻的类型，把精力放在背这种艰涩的单词上是很不值得的。

托福阅读考试中，词汇题有什么好的答题技巧吗？

词汇题在托福阅读考试中很重要，占了25%以上的比例。在托福阅读的备考过程中，深入理解才是正确答题的关键所在。那么，想要提升托福阅读高分的关键点又在哪里呢？下面来看下托福阅读考试中词汇题答题思路：
一、词汇类题目的问题的提问形式
新托福词汇类题目的出题形式通常为：
ThewordXinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
用来考察考生某单词在文章上下文中意思的问题类型最为常见。
二、答题步骤
第一步：在文章中定位到阴影标识的单词或短语。认识单词直接选。
第二步：如为生词读原文，仔细阅读该词或短语所在句子。
第三步：根据上下文含义推测含义。
第四步：少量单词可由词根验证答案。选择答案时，不要仅仅因为某个选项符合该单词的某一个正确意思就将其作为正确选项，题目考察的是作者在文章上下文中使用了哪一个词义。
三、解题线索
1.论点对论据TS+D
Commensalassociationssometimesinvolveonespecies'obtainingfoodthatisinadvertentlyexposedbyanother.Forinstance,severalkindsofbirdsfeedoninsectsflushedoutofthegrassbygrazingcattle.
Thewordinadvertentlyinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.indefensibly
B.substantially
C.unintentionally
D.partially
拿到这个题目先看一下这个单词是否认识，如果认识就直接选出来，如果不认识就回到原文，原文说共生协会有时候认为一种物种获得食物的方法是被另一种物种inadvertently暴露的。这时候后面的句子是对这个句子的一个论据，句子说，举个例子，一些鸟类吃的昆虫是放牧的牛群从草当中驱赶出来的。再观察四个选项：A.不能防御地;B.大幅;C.无意中地;D.部分地。很显然，这个原文中与选项中最接近的答案就是无意中。最好将选好的答案再带到原文翻译一下：“一种物种获得食物的方法是被另一种物种无意中暴露的。一些鸟类吃的昆虫是放牧的牛群从草当中驱赶出来的。”这类题目在做题的过程中要注意一些标志词：Forexample,Forinstance,Take…forexample,Evidencescomefrom,Like…,As…
2.前后搭配
Membersofpoorpeasantfamiliesspunorwoveclothandlinensathomeforscantremuneration,inanattempttosupplementmeagerfamilyincome.
Thewordmeagerinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.verynecessary
B.verylow
C.traditional
D.primary
这道题目如果认识单词就直接选，如果不认识单词，就看原文。原文说贫困的农民家庭的成员在家里织布，后一句说是为了支持他们meager的家庭收入，根据前后搭配，显然是微薄的家庭收入，所以就选B。
3.并列信息
…Absenteeismandlatenesshurtproductivityandsinceworkwasspecialized,disruptedtheregularfactoryroutine.Industrializationnotonlyproducedafundamentalchangeinthewayworkwasorganized;ittransformedtheverynatureofwork.
Theworddisruptedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.prolonged
B.established
C.followed
D.upset
disrupt在文章句子中出现and连接的并列信息hurt,根据这一并列信息，我们可以得出disrupt在此句中的意思为与hurt并列的信息，所以此题选D。在这类题目中要注意这些连接词and、or、aswellas、notonly…butalso、some…others…。
4.因果逻辑
In1815hepublishedthefirstmoderngeologicalmap“AMapoftheStrataofEnglandandWaleswithaPartofScotland”,mapsometiculouslyresearchedthatitcanstillbeusedtoday.
Thewordmeticulouslyinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.carefully
B.quickly
C.frequently
D.obviously
这道题目中meticulously可能有很多同学不认识，但是根据因果逻辑，原文说这个地图是如此怎样地被研究，以至于直到今天还在使用，选项中最为接近的意思应该是仔细的研究，只有仔细的研究才导致这个地图直到今天仍然被沿用。在做这类题目时要关注原文中表示逻辑关系的引导词，比如Dueto/Givenby/Since/derivefrom/stemfromTherefore/So/Hence/…follows/Enough…to…/too…to…/So…that…
5.反向逻辑
TheJovianplanetshaveverythickatmospheresconsistingofvaryingamountsofhydrogen,helium,methane,andammonia.Bycomparison,theterrestrialplanetshavemeageratmospheresatbest.
Thewordmeagerinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.rich
B.thin
C.unique
D.complex
这道题原文说类木行星有很厚的大气层，然而类地行星有meager的大气层，根据反向逻辑，类地行星的大气层肯定是与厚相反的，所以应该是很薄的大气层，所以这道题目选B。在反向逻辑中要注意以下的标志词：
表示让步：Even/Although/Despite
表示转折：But/Yet/However
表示对比：Whereas/While/Incontrast/Ontheotherhand
6.词根词缀
Theundisputedpre-ColumbianpresenceinOceaniaofthesweetpotato,whichisaNewWorlddomesticate,hassometimesbeenusedtosupportHeyerdahl’s“AmericanIndiansinthePacific”theories.
Thewordundisputedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.mysterious
B.unexpected
C.acknowledged
D.significant
这个题目中undisputed,un是一个表示否定的前缀，dispute大多数同学认识，这个单词是指争辩，那么根据前缀un就知道undisputed指不能争辩，或者无可争辩，所以选项里面应该选C,大家都承认的，都接受的。

托福词汇：2013年托福考试词汇题精选1

为大家整理了2013年托福词汇题,仅供参考!
1. Local crafts people-sign, coach, and house painters-began to paint portraits as a profitable sideline; sometimes a talented man or woman who began by sketching family members gained a local reputation and was besieged with requests for portraits; artists found it worth their while to pack their paints, canvases, and brushes and to travel the countryside, often combining house decorating with portrait painting.
The word "sketching" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) drawing
(B) hiring
(C) helping
(D) discussing
2. Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the Civil War, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.
The word "domains" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) fields
(B) locations
(C) organizations
(D) occupations
3. The development of the railroad and telegraph systems during the middle third of the nineteenth century led to significant improvements in the speed, volume, and regularity of shipments and communications, making possible a fundamental transformation in the production and distribution of goods.
The word "fundamental" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) possible
(B) basic
(C) gradual
(D) unique
4. To be sure, there were still small workshops, where skilled craftspeople manufactured products ranging from newspapers to cabinets to plumbing fixtures.
The word "skilled" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) hardworking
(B) expert
(C) well-paid
(D) industrial
5. And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork where individual contractors presided over what were essentially handicraft proprietorships that coexisted within a single building.
The words "presided over" in line 20 are closest in meaning to
(A) managed
(B) led to
(C) worked in
(D) produced
6. Objects in the universe show a variety of shapes: round planets (some with rings) , tailed comets, wispy cosmic gas and dust clouds, ringed nebulae, pinwheel-shaped spiral galaxies, and so on. But none of the shapes on this list describes the largest single entities in the universe.
The word "entities" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) factors
(B) processes
(C) objects
(D) puzzles
7. Stone carvers engraved their motifs of skulls and crossbones and other religious icons of death into the gray slabs that we still see standing today in old burial grounds.
The word "motifs" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) tools
(B) prints
(C) signatures
(D) designs
8. Although they often achieved expression and formal excellence in their generally primitive style, they remained artisans skilled in the craft of carving and constituted a group distinct from what we normally think of as "sculptors" in today’s use of the word.
The word "distinct" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) separate
(B) assembled
(C) notable
(D) inferior
9. On the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired, Americans turned to foreign sculptors, as in the 1770’s when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina, commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pill.
The word "rare" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) festive
(B) infrequent
(C) delightful
(D) unexpected
10. Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body temperature. Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant’s gazelles.
The word "maintaining" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) measuring
(B) inheriting
(C) preserving
(D) delaying

托福阅读的词汇题都有哪些单词？需要掌握多少呢？

经对历年真题、TPO 的统计，词汇量大概在 5100 左右。
托福阅读要拿不错的分数，要使得自己能力满足托福考试能力要求。考试考查学生对学术文章的理解能力，除了要提高词汇理解能力，还要句子理解能力、逻辑和语义逻辑关系梳理能力以及文章结构把握能力。单纯问托福阅读词汇题都有哪些单词是没有意义的。
经对历年真题、TPO 的统计，词汇量大概在 5100 左右。并以学术类词汇为主。
托福阅读要拿不错的分数，要使得自己能力满足托福考试能力要求。考试考查学生对学术文章的理解能力，除了要提高词汇理解能力，还要句子理解能力、逻辑和语义逻辑关系梳理能力以及文章结构把握能力。
光提高词汇量还不够哦~

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