对于中国大陆考生来说，可能托福口语是整个托福考试中最难的部分。因为我们的英语学习过程中可能没有那么重视口语这个方面。那我们来跟积累一些有用的口语中常用的词汇吧。
形容词
重要的： key，crucial，critical，important，significant，vital，substantial，indispensable，imperative
有害的： bad，baneful，evil，harmful，detrimental
有益的： useful，helpful，beneficial，profitable，rewarding advantageous
明显的： clear，obvious，evident，self-evident，manifest，apparent，crystal-clear
严重的： severe，serious，nasty，chronic，grievous，fearful，rock-ribbed
有道理的： reasonable，Rational，Plausible，Justifiable
副词
急剧地： dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably
平稳地： steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly
大量地： in abundance，largely，by the dozens，substantially，in quantity
完全地： absolutely，completely，fully，whole，totally
短语
占： comprise，take up，account for，constitute，consist of，make up，occupy，hold，compose
与......相比： Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to
事实上： practically，in practice，essentially，in essence in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that
换言之： namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle
我将托福阅读中经常出现的词汇进行了分类，以便于小伙伴们的托福备考。以下是详细内容，和我一起来看一下吧!掌握这样一些 高频分类词汇，对冲击高分是很有帮助的。
生物类：
迁徙动物migrate
群居动物 social animal
独居动物 solitary solitude One Hundred Years of Solitude
独特性 peculiarity
动物的分类：门 phylum，纲class，目order，科family，属genus，种species
rodent 啮齿类 reptile 爬行动物 amphibian 两栖动物 mammal 哺乳动物
cell—tissue—organ—system
herbivore 食草动物, carnivore 食肉动物, omnivore 杂食动物
predator—prey
adapt to/adjust to
mimicry拟态 camouflage伪装
天文学astronomy
天体 astronomical body 宇宙 cosmos, universe
恒星 star 行星 planet 卫星 satellite 小行星 asteroid 彗星 comet 陨石 meteorite
太阳系 solar system
Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto
分子 molecule 原子 atom 质子 proton 中子 neutron电子 electron
离子 ion 粒子 particle
地质学
地球构成 crust 地壳 mantle 地幔 core 地核
板块构造学说 plate tectonics 大陆漂移学说 continental drift
美国历史：
历史太短(美国历史不够，印第安人来凑)
1、 殖民时期历史
① Discovery 意大利人哥伦布 Far East寻找香料
② English settlement 1607年，英国人在弗吉尼亚州建立了第一个殖民地
1620年 May Flower Puritan到达麻省普利茅斯
③ Colonial Era殖民阶段 colony colonist=settler
④ 独立战争 the War of Independence=American Revolution 1776
2、 建国之后历史
① The establish of a new nation
② Civil War 1861-1865 Lincoln Stowe Uncle Tom’s Cabin
③ Western Movement/Western Expansion
④ Industrial growth
文学艺术
1、 文学 literature
美国作家 Whitman “Leaves of Grass” Emily Dickinson
流派 naturalism Sister Carrie
Realism Mark Twain
2、 美术 Fine Art
只擅长water color 水彩画
3、 音乐 Music pop music musical
4、 手工艺 pottery
印第安人
手工业：basketry, pottery
建筑：big，advanced
农业：maize，squash，soybean
社会：组织严密，分工明确
Anasazi 阿那萨齐族：美国土著民族，公元 一百年前后居住在科罗拉多州和犹它州南部、新墨西哥州和亚利桑那州北部，他们的后代就是现在的普韦布洛人Pueblo。阿那萨齐文化包括早期制篮阶段和后来的普韦布洛阶段，以悬崖房屋的建筑著称，擅长纺织和制陶技巧
Pueblo 普埃布洛族：美洲约25个土著民族之一，包括霍皮人、祖尼人和陶人，居住在新墨西哥的北部、西部及美国亚利桑那州东北部的村庄中。普埃布洛人是居住在悬崖上的阿那萨齐民族的后裔，他们以陶器、编篮、编织和金属制造方面的出色技艺而闻名或指印第安人村庄
生物类、天文学、地质学、美国历史、文学艺术、印第安人、这些分类词汇，都在以往的托福考试中出现过，希望以上分类词汇量对同学们有所帮助。最后，我预祝大家能够取得理想的成绩!更多信息敬请关注托福频道!
托福常用的单词有很多，托福英语词汇是成功备考托福考试的基础，没有单词这个基础，接下来的听力、口语、阅读、写作都将无法顺利进行。以下我整理了在托福考试中的重要高级词汇和高级词汇短语。
常见的4类高级词汇一、艺术类
realism [ˈriəlizəm] n 现实主义
impressionism [ɪmˈpreʃənɪz(ə)m] n.印象主义
impressionistic style [ɪm,preʃə'nɪstɪk] 印象派风格
sculptor n.雕塑家
decoration n. 装饰品
stained glass [steɪnd `glæs ]n.彩色玻璃
weaving[ˈwiː.vɪŋ] n.织动，编织
brushstroke [brʌʃ] [strəuk] n.一笔，绘画技巧
texture [ˈtekstʃə] n.质地，纹理
pigment ['pɪgm(ə)nt] 颜色，色素（常考）
facial [ˈfeiʃəl] adj. 面部的，表面的
gesture [‘dʒestʃə] n.造型
rank 分等级
appeal v.对……有吸引力
documentary [ˌdɔkjuˈmentəri]n.纪录片
portray [pɔ:ˈtrei] vt.描绘，扮演
clown [klaun] n. 小 丑
authentic [ɔ:ˈθentik] adj. 真正的
vocal music 声乐
solo 独奏
rhythm ['riðəm] n.节奏
dwelling [‘dwelɪŋ] n.住处，居住空间
timber [‘timbə] n.木材
genre [ˈʒɔnrə]n.文体
autobiography [ɔːtəbaɪ'ɒgrəfɪ] n. 人物传记
二、自然类话题
infinite [ˈɪnfɪnɪt]无限的
cosmic [‘kɔzmik] adj.宇宙的
space debris [ˈdeɪbrɪˈdɛbrɪ] 太空垃圾
meteor [ˈmiːtɪə]流星
meteoroid [ˈmiːtɪəˌrɔɪd]流星
illuminate [i’lju:mineit] v.照亮，使明亮
spin [spɪn]v.旋转
rotate [rəu’teit] v.自转
revolve [ri’vɔlv] v.公转
paradox [ˈpærədɔks]n.悖论
navigation [ˌnæviˈgeiʃən]n. 航 海
voyage[ˈvɔi-idʒ]n.航行；航程
elongated [‘i:lɔŋ’ɡeitid] adj.被拉长的
ultra-violet n.紫外线
visible light n.可见光
solar energy 太阳能
tidal energy 潮汐能
energy conservation 保护能源
greenhouse effect 温室效应
ozone layer (ozonosphere) 臭氧层
deforest 滥伐森林
drought 干旱
decompose [ˌdi:kəmˈpəuz]v. 分 解
synthesize ['sinθisaiz] v.合成；综合
三、生命科学
mammal ['mæməl]n. [脊椎] 哺乳动物
primates [ˈpraɪmɪts]灵长目动物
endangered species 濒危动物
nerve system [nə:v] n.神经系统
circulatory ['sɝkjələtɔri]system 循环系统
renewing n.更新
metabolism [məˈtæbəlizəm]n.新陈代谢
hormone [ˈhɔ:məun]n.激素，荷尔蒙
insulin [‘insjulin] n.胰岛素
secretion [siˈkri:ʃən]n.分泌，分泌物
vessel [‘vesəl] n.血管
beak [bi:k] n.喙
wing [wiŋ]n.翅膀
feather [ˈfeðə] n. 羽毛
tail [teil] n.尾
burrow [ˈbʌrəu]n.洞穴
nest [nest] n.巢
mate [meit]n.交配
stimulus [ˈstimjuləs]n.刺激
forage [‘fɔridʒ] v.觅食
nomadic[nəʊ'mædɪk]adj.游牧的；流浪的
domesticate [dəˈmɛstɪˌket]v.驯养
reproduce[ˌri:prəˈdju:s] v.繁殖
camouflage [ˈkæməflɑ:ʒ]vt.伪装
shield [ʃi:ld] v.防御，保护
harsh[hɑ:ʃə] a.（环境）恶劣的
hibernation [ˌhaibəˈneiʃən]n.冬眠
echolocation [ˌekəuləu'keiʃən]n. 回声定位
organism[ˈɔ:gənizəm]n.生物体；有机体；微生物
microbes[ˈmaikrəubz]n.微生物，细菌
nectar ['nektə]n.花蜜
四、社会科学
nomad [ˈnəumæd]n.游牧民
ruins [ˈruːɪn]遗迹，废墟
remains [rɪ'meɪnz] 遗骸
shelter [ˈʃeltə] n.庇护所
ritual [‘ritʃuəl] n.（宗教）仪式
originate [əˈrɪdʒɪˌneɪt]起源于
inhabit [inˈhæbit]vt.居住于
bury[ˈberi]v.埋葬
subjective [səbˈdʒektiv]adj.主观的
objective [ɔbˈdʒektiv]adj.客观的
cognition [kɔɡˈniʃən]n.认识
questionnaire [ˌkwestʃəˈneə]n.问卷
motivation [,məuti'veiʃən]n. 动机
intention [in’tenʃən] n.意图
self-reliance [‘self-ri’lains] n. 自立
majority [məˈdʒɒrɪtɪ]n.多数人
minority [maɪˈnɒrɪtɪmɪ-]n.少数人
collapse[kəˈlæps]n./vt.崩溃
out of business 歇业，破产
annual budget [ˈænjuəl] [ˈbʌdʒit]n.年度预算
mortgage [ˈmɔ:gidʒ]n./vt.抵押
commodity [kəˈmɔditi]n.商品
常见的8组高级词汇短语第一组：coincide with 和 contribute to
coincide with 同时发生
【释义】:If one event coincides with another, they happen at the same time.
【例句】:Although his mental illness had coincided withhis war service it had not been caused by it.
contribute to 导致，有助于
【释义】:If you contribute to something, you say or do things to help to make it successful.
【例句】:The report says design faults in both the vessels contributed to the tragedy.
第二组: all but 和 break down
All but 几乎是
【释义】:You use all but to say that something is almost the case.
【例句】:The cases have stirred deep racial tensions, but the reactions of the white majority were all but silent.
break down 分解
【释义】:When a substance breaks down or when something breaks it down, a biological or chemical process causes it to separate into the substances which make it up.
第三组：get credit for 和 take up
get credit for 因...而受到好评
【释义】: If you get credit for something, you receive acknowledgment or praise for some accomplishment.
【例句】:Soldiers on the frontline fought and died, but it is politicians back home who got credit for winning the war.
he social sciences are less likely than other intellectual enterprises to get credit for their accomplishments.
比起其他学科，社会科学不太容易因为它们的成就而受到好评。
take up 承担，开始做
【释义】:If you take up an activity or a subject, you become interested in it and spend time doing it, either as a hobby or as acareer.
【例句】:I am not particularly willing to take up a competitive sport because that will increase the .
第四组： lay off 和 fall into disrepute
lay off 解雇
【释义】:If workers are laid off,they are told by their employers to leave their job, usually because there is no more work for them to do.
【例句】:only firms with fewer than 100 workers can lay off employees without consultation.
fall into disrepute 名声扫地
【释义】:If something is brought into disrepute or falls into disrepute, it loses its good reputation, because it is connected with activities that people do not approve of.
【例句】:The whole trans-genetic industry fell into disrepute because of the research scandal.
第五组： little more than 和 in conjunction with
little more than 只不过
【释义】:You use little more than to show something is only to a small degree.
【例句】:In fact, cost of cancer research is little more than 1 percent of the world's annual military spending.
in conjunction with 连同，与......共同联合
【释义】:If one thing is done or used in conjunction with another, the two things are done or used together.
【例句】:The water protection project will be done inconjunction with the Environment Agency.
第六组：hold in check 和 be rooted in
hold in check 抑制
【释义】:If you hold something in check, you keep something or someone under control, usually to stop them becoming too large or too powerful.
【例句】:The minister's campaign to hold inflation in check showed modest signs of success in April.
be rooted in 来源于
【释义】:If you say a particular quality is rooted in something, that quality has an origin or base from that thing.
【例句】:Many psychological problems of adults are actually rooted in their childhood experiences.
第七组： in terms of 和 have no sense of
in terms of 从......角度来说
【释义】:If you talk about something in terms of something or in particular terms, you are specifying which aspect of it you are discussing or from what point of view you are considering it.
【例句】:General Electric made great contribution to America in terms ofenvironment protection.
have no sense of 对......没有意识;没有概念
【释义】:If you have no sense of something, you have no recognition or perception either through the senses or through the intellect.
【例句】：Having no sense of moral obligation, Shipler was as little subject to the reproach of conscience after he acted as he was motivated by its promptings before he acted.
由于没有道义的概念，Shipler在做事以后不会受到良心的谴责，正如同在行动之前他也几乎不受良心的驱使一样。
第八组 ：have yet to 和 make no attempt to
have yet to还没有
【释义】:If you say that you have yet to do something, you mean that you have never done it, especially when this is surprising or bad.
【例句】:He has been nominated three times for the Oscarbut has yet to win.
make no attempt to 不去尝试
【释义】:If you make no attempt to do something, you don't try to do it.
【例句】:The scientists make no attempt to improve the standard fuel cell, which is not much different today from when it was invented 150 years ago.
注 ：make an attempt to 即“尝试做”
以上便是托福考试中一些重要的高级词汇以及高级词汇短语，祝你成功上岸！
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