根据定义,带注释的书目代表了用于创作学术论文的全部材料清单,以及对每种资源的简要描述。因此,注释书目要比简单的引文复杂得多,所以继续阅读我们的文章,了解这一系统的特殊性。
一、注释性书目解释
我们已经定义了注释书目的概念,但这里还有很多解释要做。首先,你应该知道它们与传统的引文有何不同。
引文是事实要素,其目的是列出你在写论文或研究论文时使用的所有来源。引文包括作者姓名、书名、出版商、发行年份和出版地点。在实践中,引文看起来像这样:
Bruce D. Sales. Family Mediation: Facts, Myths, and Future Prospects. Washington: APA, 2001.
另一方面,注解式书目则是一个飞跃,它增加了对整个作品中使用的每本教科书或文件的简要描述。这样的注释为读者提供了额外的信息,帮助他/她了解文件的性质。一般来说,每条注释不超过150至200字。
作为一种更复杂的引文形式,带注释的书目可以发挥不同的作用:
1.它概述了你在写研究论文时参考的来源。
2.注释式书目帮助你在众多的学习资源中找到一条路。
3.它们使你更容易提出研究问题。
4.这种书目有助于其他学者发现新的学习材料。
二、注释式书目类型
只有两种类型的注释书目,但它们是完全不同的,需要采取截然不同的方法。
描述性注释书目(也被称为信息性)基本上是你在研究主题时使用的教科书或其他一些资源的摘要。它是一种无偏见的客观描述,揭示了资源的主要观点和结论。你不会给出你对文件的看法,而只是提供事实的细节。
另一方面,批判性的注释书目(也被称为分析性的)总结了资源的主要观点,也提供了对文件的简要评价。它让你有机会表明立场,提出你对作者观点的看法。
如果这听起来太复杂,我们找到几个很好的例子来帮助你理解这两种类型的注释书目。
1.一份描述性的注释书目
Herbert London, the Dean of Journalism at New York University and author of several books and articles, explains how television contradicts five commonly believed ideas. He uses specific examples of events seen on television, such as the assassination of John Kennedy, to illustrate his points. His examples have been selected to contradict such truisms as: "seeing is believing"; "a picture is worth a thousand words"; and "satisfaction is its own reward." London uses logical arguments to support his ideas which are his personal opinion. He doesn't refer to any previous works on the topic. London's style and vocabulary would make the article of interest to any reader.
2.批判性的注释书目
Herbert London, the Dean of Journalism at New York University and author of several books and articles, explains how television contradicts five commonly believed ideas. He uses specific examples of events seen on television, such as the assassination of John Kennedy, to illustrate his points. His examples have been selected to contradict such truisms as: "seeing is believing"; "a picture is worth a thousand words"; and "satisfaction is its own reward." London uses logical arguments to support his ideas which are his personal opinion. He doesn't refer to any previous works on the topic; however, for a different point of view, one should refer to Joseph Patterson's, "Television is Truth" (The Journal of Television 45 (6) November/December 1995: 120-135). London's style and vocabulary would make the article of interest to any reader. The article clearly illustrates London's points, but does not explore their implications, leaving the reader with many unanswered questions.
三、如何撰写注释式书目
撰写注释书目是一个三步走的过程,以下是你如何开始的:
1. 选择你的资料来源。你应该做的第一件事是收集整个论文写作过程中使用的所有来源。确保不要遗漏任何东西,因为你不希望在发表论文后面临抄袭问题。
2. 2.审查每个项目。现在你需要分析每份文件,并选择最合适的注释类型。你想采取分析方法还是简单地描述来源?这个问题的答案取决于你的写作风格和主题的性质。
3. 写注解。你现在已经准备好写注释了,但别忘了在实际注释之前写一个引文。要简明扼要,确保不突破200字的限制。
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