经济学基础入门知识

In short,economics is the study of how people and groups of people use their resources.
简易地讲，经济学这门课程科学研究的是大家及其不一样的人群怎样运用她们手里的資源。
Money certainly is one of those resources,but other things can play a role in economics as well.
钱财显而易见便是在其中一种資源，但许多别的东西也在经济学中占据一席之地。
In an attempt to clarify all this,let's take a look at the basics of economics and why you might consider studying this complex field.
以便讲明白这种，大家讨论一下经济学里的一些基本知识要点吧，随后说说你为什么应当考虑到科学研究这一繁杂的领域。

The Field of Economics
经济学的科学研究范畴
Economics is divided into two general categories: microeconomics and macroeconomics. One looks at the individual markets while the other looks at an entire economy.
经济学被分成2个关键的领域：外部经济经济学和宏观经济经济学。前面一种科学研究的是本人应对的销售市场，后面一种科学研究的是总体经济形势。
From there,we can narrow economics into a number of subfields of study.
从而，我们可以把经济学进一步优化位数身高领域来科学研究。
These include econometrics,economic development,agricultural economics,urban economics,and much more.
她们包含计量检定经济学、经济发展、农牧业经济学、大城市经济学及其许多别的领域。
If you have an interest in how the world works and how financial markets or industry outlooks affect the economy,you might consider studying economics.
假如你想要知道全球是怎样运行的，想要知道金融体系和各个领域的大环境怎样危害经济发展，你能考虑到学一学经济学。
It's a fascinating field and has career potential in a number of disciplines,from finance to sales to the government.
这是一个扣人心弦的领域，并且能出示许多领域的就业问题，包含金融业、市场销售、政府机构等。

Two Essential Concepts of Economics
经济学的两个核心定义
Much of what we study in economics has to do with money and the markets.
我们在经济学初中的绝大多数东西都和钱与销售市场相关。
What are people willing to pay for something?
大家想要为一个东西付多少的成本？
Is one industry doing better than another?
这一领域的主要表现是否比哪个更强？
What is the economic future of the country or world?
这一我国或是全球的经济发展市场前景怎样？
These are important questions e conomists examine and it comes with a few basic terms.
这全是经济学家科学研究的关键难题，而她们问世出了好多个基础的定义。
Supply and Demand is one of the first things we learn in economics.
供求关系便是我们在经济学中最开始学得的定义之一。
Supply speaks to the quantity of something that's available for sale while demand refers to the willingness to purchase it.
提供指的是一种东西可供出售的总数，而要求指的是大家选购这一东西的意向。
If the supply is higher than the demand,the market is thrown off balance and costs typically decrease.
假如提供高过要求，销售市场就摆脱了平衡状态，成本费一般会降低。
The opposite is true if demand is greater than the supply available because that commodity is more desirable and harder to obtain.
而假如要求高过提供，例如由于某些商品有大量人要想，或是某些商品越来越更难得到，那麼便会产生反过来的状况。
Elasticity is another key concept in economics.
价格弹性是经济学中的另一个重要定义。
Essentially,here we're talking about how much the price of something can fluctuate before it has a negative impact on sales.
从源头上讲，大家在这里说起的是在一个东西的价钱转变对其销售量导致不良影响以前，它的价钱能变化是多少。
Elasticity ties into demand and some products and services are more elastic than others.
价格弹性与要求是紧密联系的，一些商品或服务项目比别的的东西有着高些的延展性。

Understanding the Financial Markets
了解金融体系
As you might expect,many of the factors that play into economics have to do with the financial markets.
如同你很有可能想的一样，经济学中的许多因素都和金融体系相关。
This is also a complicated matter with many subtopics that you can dive into.
这也是个有很多子话题讨论可供科学研究的繁杂领域。
First and foremost,it's important to understand how prices are set in a market economy. At the heart of this is information and what is known as a contingent contract.
最先，有一个很重要的点必须掌握，那便是市场经济体制中的价钱是如何确定的。这在其中最关键的2个因素便是信息内容及其说白了的或有合同。
Essentially,this type of arrangement places stipulations on the price paid based on external factors: if X happens,then I'll pay this much.
从根本原因上讲，是那样的管理体系为价钱的明确得出了标准，使我们得到依据外界要素来明确价钱：假如某件特殊的事产生，那我也会付这么多。
One question that many investors have is "What happens to my money when stock prices go down?"
许多投资人会问的一个难题是“当股票价格下挫的情况下，这钱到哪去了？”
The answer is not easy,and before you dive into the stock market,it's essential that you know how it works.
这个问题回应起來并不易，而在你投身于股票市场以前，必须先弄搞清楚它是怎样运行的。
To further complicate things,economic situations like a recession can throw many things off.
一些情况下事儿会越来越更为繁杂，例如衰落一类的经济发展情况，它会让许多东西都乱了套。
For instance,just because an economy goes into recession,doesn't mean that prices will fall.
例如，当经济下滑的情况下，价钱并不一定会降低。
In fact,it's the opposite for things like housing. Quite often,prices go up because supply is down and demand is up. This rise in prices is known as inflation.
事实上，针对房地产市场而言恰好相反。一般因为提供降低而要求上升，价钱会增涨。这类增涨便是大家孰知的通胀。

Interest Rates and Exchange Rates
利率与利率
Interest rates and exchange rates also cause fluctuations in the markets.
利率与利率也会给销售市场产生起伏。
You will often hear e conomists express concern over these. When interest rates go down,people tend to buy and borrow more. Yet,this can cause interest rates to rise in the end.
你能常常听见经济学家们对于此事发布关心。当利率减少的情况下，大家趋向于买大量的东西、借大量的钱。而这最后会造成 利率上升。
Exchange rates refer to how the currency of one country compares to those of another. These are key components in the global economy.
利率指的是一个国家的贷币相比于其他国家的贷币什么价格。它是国际经济合作中的一个重要因素。
Other terms you'll hear in reference to the markets are opportunity costs,cost measures,and monopolies. Each is a key element in understanding the overall economic forecast.
你能听见的别的一些有关销售市场的定义包含经济成本、成本费计量检定、垄断性，每一个针对你了解宏观经济政策预测分析而言全是很重要的原素。
And we will talk about them indetail in the future.
这种大家之后再详尽讲。

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